APUE Learning Example Source Code
guowenxue
2019-06-26 157be0b0d4c7d4809cfcafc76235cc18388378c8
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
447
448
449
450
451
452
453
454
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
466
467
468
469
470
471
472
473
474
475
476
477
478
479
480
481
482
483
484
485
486
487
488
489
490
491
492
493
494
495
496
497
498
499
500
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508
509
510
511
512
513
514
515
516
517
518
519
520
521
522
523
524
525
526
527
528
529
530
531
532
533
534
535
536
537
538
539
540
541
542
543
544
545
546
547
548
549
550
551
552
553
554
555
556
557
558
559
560
561
562
563
564
565
566
567
568
569
570
571
572
573
574
575
576
577
578
579
580
581
582
583
584
585
586
587
588
589
590
591
592
593
594
595
596
597
598
599
600
601
602
603
604
605
606
607
608
609
610
611
612
613
614
615
616
617
618
619
620
import errno
import os
import socket
import subprocess
import struct
import sys
import time
 
import mqtt5_props
 
import __main__
 
import atexit
vg_index = 1
vg_logfiles = []
 
 
def start_broker(filename, cmd=None, port=0, use_conf=False, expect_fail=False):
    global vg_index
    global vg_logfiles
 
    delay = 0.1
 
    if use_conf == True:
        cmd = ['../../src/mosquitto', '-v', '-c', filename.replace('.py', '.conf')]
 
        if port == 0:
            port = 1888
    else:
        if cmd is None and port != 0:
            cmd = ['../../src/mosquitto', '-v', '-p', str(port)]
        elif cmd is None and port == 0:
            port = 1888
            cmd = ['../../src/mosquitto', '-v', '-c', filename.replace('.py', '.conf')]
        elif cmd is not None and port == 0:
            port = 1888
            
    if os.environ.get('MOSQ_USE_VALGRIND') is not None:
        logfile = filename+'.'+str(vg_index)+'.vglog'
        cmd = ['valgrind', '-q', '--trace-children=yes', '--leak-check=full', '--show-leak-kinds=all', '--log-file='+logfile] + cmd
        vg_logfiles.append(logfile)
        vg_index += 1
        delay = 1
 
    #print(port)
    #print(cmd)
    broker = subprocess.Popen(cmd, stderr=subprocess.PIPE)
    for i in range(0, 20):
        time.sleep(delay)
        c = None
        try:
            c = socket.create_connection(("localhost", port))
        except socket.error as err:
            if err.errno != errno.ECONNREFUSED:
                raise
 
        if c is not None:
            c.close()
            time.sleep(delay)
            return broker
 
    if expect_fail == False:
        raise IOError
    else:
        return None
 
def start_client(filename, cmd, env, port=1888):
    if cmd is None:
        raise ValueError
    if os.environ.get('MOSQ_USE_VALGRIND') is not None:
        cmd = ['valgrind', '-q', '--log-file='+filename+'.vglog'] + cmd
 
    cmd = cmd + [str(port)]
    return subprocess.Popen(cmd, env=env)
 
 
def expect_packet(sock, name, expected):
    if len(expected) > 0:
        rlen = len(expected)
    else:
        rlen = 1
 
    packet_recvd = sock.recv(rlen)
    return packet_matches(name, packet_recvd, expected)
 
 
def packet_matches(name, recvd, expected):
    if recvd != expected:
        print("FAIL: Received incorrect "+name+".")
        try:
            print("Received: "+to_string(recvd))
        except struct.error:
            print("Received (not decoded, len=%d): %s" % (len(recvd), recvd))
            for i in range(0, len(recvd)):
                print('%c'%(recvd[i]),)
        try:
            print("Expected: "+to_string(expected))
        except struct.error:
            print("Expected (not decoded, len=%d): %s" % (len(expected), expected))
            for i in range(0, len(expected)):
                print('%c'%(expected[i]),)
 
        return 0
    else:
        return 1
 
 
def do_send_receive(sock, send_packet, receive_packet, error_string="send receive error"):
    sock.send(send_packet)
 
    if expect_packet(sock, error_string, receive_packet):
        return sock
    else:
        sock.close()
        raise ValueError
 
 
def do_client_connect(connect_packet, connack_packet, hostname="localhost", port=1888, timeout=60, connack_error="connack"):
    sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
    sock.settimeout(timeout)
    sock.connect((hostname, port))
 
    return do_send_receive(sock, connect_packet, connack_packet, connack_error)
 
 
def remaining_length(packet):
    l = min(5, len(packet))
    all_bytes = struct.unpack("!"+"B"*l, packet[:l])
    mult = 1
    rl = 0
    for i in range(1,l-1):
        byte = all_bytes[i]
 
        rl += (byte & 127) * mult
        mult *= 128
        if byte & 128 == 0:
            packet = packet[i+1:]
            break
 
    return (packet, rl)
 
 
def to_hex_string(packet):
    if len(packet) == 0:
        return ""
 
    s = ""
    while len(packet) > 0:
        packet0 = struct.unpack("!B", packet[0])
        s = s+hex(packet0[0]) + " "
        packet = packet[1:]
 
    return s
 
 
def to_string(packet):
    if len(packet) == 0:
        return ""
 
    packet0 = struct.unpack("!B", bytes(packet[0]))
    packet0 = packet0[0]
    cmd = packet0 & 0xF0
    if cmd == 0x00:
        # Reserved
        return "0x00"
    elif cmd == 0x10:
        # CONNECT
        (packet, rl) = remaining_length(packet)
        pack_format = "!H" + str(len(packet)-2) + 's'
        (slen, packet) = struct.unpack(pack_format, packet)
        pack_format = "!" + str(slen)+'sBBH' + str(len(packet)-slen-4) + 's'
        (protocol, proto_ver, flags, keepalive, packet) = struct.unpack(pack_format, packet)
        s = "CONNECT, proto="+protocol+str(proto_ver)+", keepalive="+str(keepalive)
        if flags&2:
            s = s+", clean-session"
        else:
            s = s+", durable"
 
        pack_format = "!H" + str(len(packet)-2) + 's'
        (slen, packet) = struct.unpack(pack_format, packet)
        pack_format = "!" + str(slen)+'s' + str(len(packet)-slen) + 's'
        (client_id, packet) = struct.unpack(pack_format, packet)
        s = s+", id="+client_id
 
        if flags&4:
            pack_format = "!H" + str(len(packet)-2) + 's'
            (slen, packet) = struct.unpack(pack_format, packet)
            pack_format = "!" + str(slen)+'s' + str(len(packet)-slen) + 's'
            (will_topic, packet) = struct.unpack(pack_format, packet)
            s = s+", will-topic="+will_topic
 
            pack_format = "!H" + str(len(packet)-2) + 's'
            (slen, packet) = struct.unpack(pack_format, packet)
            pack_format = "!" + str(slen)+'s' + str(len(packet)-slen) + 's'
            (will_message, packet) = struct.unpack(pack_format, packet)
            s = s+", will-message="+will_message
 
            s = s+", will-qos="+str((flags&24)>>3)
            s = s+", will-retain="+str((flags&32)>>5)
 
        if flags&128:
            pack_format = "!H" + str(len(packet)-2) + 's'
            (slen, packet) = struct.unpack(pack_format, packet)
            pack_format = "!" + str(slen)+'s' + str(len(packet)-slen) + 's'
            (username, packet) = struct.unpack(pack_format, packet)
            s = s+", username="+username
 
        if flags&64:
            pack_format = "!H" + str(len(packet)-2) + 's'
            (slen, packet) = struct.unpack(pack_format, packet)
            pack_format = "!" + str(slen)+'s' + str(len(packet)-slen) + 's'
            (password, packet) = struct.unpack(pack_format, packet)
            s = s+", password="+password
 
        if flags&1:
            s = s+", reserved=1"
 
        return s
    elif cmd == 0x20:
        # CONNACK
        (cmd, rl, resv, rc) = struct.unpack('!BBBB', packet)
        return "CONNACK, rl="+str(rl)+", res="+str(resv)+", rc="+str(rc)
    elif cmd == 0x30:
        # PUBLISH
        dup = (packet0 & 0x08)>>3
        qos = (packet0 & 0x06)>>1
        retain = (packet0 & 0x01)
        (packet, rl) = remaining_length(packet)
        pack_format = "!H" + str(len(packet)-2) + 's'
        (tlen, packet) = struct.unpack(pack_format, packet)
        pack_format = "!" + str(tlen)+'s' + str(len(packet)-tlen) + 's'
        (topic, packet) = struct.unpack(pack_format, packet)
        s = "PUBLISH, rl="+str(rl)+", topic="+topic+", qos="+str(qos)+", retain="+str(retain)+", dup="+str(dup)
        if qos > 0:
            pack_format = "!H" + str(len(packet)-2) + 's'
            (mid, packet) = struct.unpack(pack_format, packet)
            s = s + ", mid="+str(mid)
 
        s = s + ", payload="+packet
        return s
    elif cmd == 0x40:
        # PUBACK
        (cmd, rl, mid) = struct.unpack('!BBH', packet)
        return "PUBACK, rl="+str(rl)+", mid="+str(mid)
    elif cmd == 0x50:
        # PUBREC
        (cmd, rl, mid) = struct.unpack('!BBH', packet)
        return "PUBREC, rl="+str(rl)+", mid="+str(mid)
    elif cmd == 0x60:
        # PUBREL
        dup = (packet0 & 0x08)>>3
        (cmd, rl, mid) = struct.unpack('!BBH', packet)
        return "PUBREL, rl="+str(rl)+", mid="+str(mid)+", dup="+str(dup)
    elif cmd == 0x70:
        # PUBCOMP
        (cmd, rl, mid) = struct.unpack('!BBH', packet)
        return "PUBCOMP, rl="+str(rl)+", mid="+str(mid)
    elif cmd == 0x80:
        # SUBSCRIBE
        (packet, rl) = remaining_length(packet)
        pack_format = "!H" + str(len(packet)-2) + 's'
        (mid, packet) = struct.unpack(pack_format, packet)
        s = "SUBSCRIBE, rl="+str(rl)+", mid="+str(mid)
        topic_index = 0
        while len(packet) > 0:
            pack_format = "!H" + str(len(packet)-2) + 's'
            (tlen, packet) = struct.unpack(pack_format, packet)
            pack_format = "!" + str(tlen)+'sB' + str(len(packet)-tlen-1) + 's'
            (topic, qos, packet) = struct.unpack(pack_format, packet)
            s = s + ", topic"+str(topic_index)+"="+topic+","+str(qos)
        return s
    elif cmd == 0x90:
        # SUBACK
        (packet, rl) = remaining_length(packet)
        pack_format = "!H" + str(len(packet)-2) + 's'
        (mid, packet) = struct.unpack(pack_format, packet)
        pack_format = "!" + "B"*len(packet)
        granted_qos = struct.unpack(pack_format, packet)
 
        s = "SUBACK, rl="+str(rl)+", mid="+str(mid)+", granted_qos="+str(granted_qos[0])
        for i in range(1, len(granted_qos)-1):
            s = s+", "+str(granted_qos[i])
        return s
    elif cmd == 0xA0:
        # UNSUBSCRIBE
        (packet, rl) = remaining_length(packet)
        pack_format = "!H" + str(len(packet)-2) + 's'
        (mid, packet) = struct.unpack(pack_format, packet)
        s = "UNSUBSCRIBE, rl="+str(rl)+", mid="+str(mid)
        topic_index = 0
        while len(packet) > 0:
            pack_format = "!H" + str(len(packet)-2) + 's'
            (tlen, packet) = struct.unpack(pack_format, packet)
            pack_format = "!" + str(tlen)+'s' + str(len(packet)-tlen) + 's'
            (topic, packet) = struct.unpack(pack_format, packet)
            s = s + ", topic"+str(topic_index)+"="+topic
        return s
    elif cmd == 0xB0:
        # UNSUBACK
        (cmd, rl, mid) = struct.unpack('!BBH', packet)
        return "UNSUBACK, rl="+str(rl)+", mid="+str(mid)
    elif cmd == 0xC0:
        # PINGREQ
        (cmd, rl) = struct.unpack('!BB', packet)
        return "PINGREQ, rl="+str(rl)
    elif cmd == 0xD0:
        # PINGRESP
        (cmd, rl) = struct.unpack('!BB', packet)
        return "PINGRESP, rl="+str(rl)
    elif cmd == 0xE0:
        # DISCONNECT
        (cmd, rl) = struct.unpack('!BB', packet)
        return "DISCONNECT, rl="+str(rl)
    elif cmd == 0xF0:
        # AUTH
        (cmd, rl) = struct.unpack('!BB', packet)
        return "AUTH, rl="+str(rl)
 
def gen_connect(client_id, clean_session=True, keepalive=60, username=None, password=None, will_topic=None, will_qos=0, will_retain=False, will_payload=b"", proto_ver=4, connect_reserved=False, properties=b"", will_properties=b""):
    if (proto_ver&0x7F) == 3 or proto_ver == 0:
        remaining_length = 12
    elif (proto_ver&0x7F) == 4 or proto_ver == 5:
        remaining_length = 10
    else:
        raise ValueError
 
    if client_id != None:
        client_id = client_id.encode("utf-8")
        remaining_length = remaining_length + 2+len(client_id)
    else:
        remaining_length = remaining_length + 2
 
    connect_flags = 0
 
    if connect_reserved:
        connect_flags = connect_flags | 0x01
 
    if clean_session:
        connect_flags = connect_flags | 0x02
 
    if proto_ver == 5:
        if properties == b"":
            properties += mqtt5_props.gen_uint16_prop(mqtt5_props.PROP_RECEIVE_MAXIMUM, 20)
        properties = mqtt5_props.prop_finalise(properties)
        remaining_length += len(properties)
 
    if will_topic != None:
        will_topic = will_topic.encode("utf-8")
        remaining_length = remaining_length + 2+len(will_topic) + 2+len(will_payload)
        connect_flags = connect_flags | 0x04 | ((will_qos&0x03) << 3)
        if will_retain:
            connect_flags = connect_flags | 32
        if proto_ver == 5:
            will_properties = mqtt5_props.prop_finalise(will_properties)
            remaining_length += len(will_properties)
 
    if username != None:
        username = username.encode("utf-8")
        remaining_length = remaining_length + 2+len(username)
        connect_flags = connect_flags | 0x80
        if password != None:
            password = password.encode("utf-8")
            connect_flags = connect_flags | 0x40
            remaining_length = remaining_length + 2+len(password)
 
    rl = pack_remaining_length(remaining_length)
    packet = struct.pack("!B"+str(len(rl))+"s", 0x10, rl)
    if (proto_ver&0x7F) == 3 or proto_ver == 0:
        packet = packet + struct.pack("!H6sBBH", len(b"MQIsdp"), b"MQIsdp", proto_ver, connect_flags, keepalive)
    elif (proto_ver&0x7F) == 4 or proto_ver == 5:
        packet = packet + struct.pack("!H4sBBH", len(b"MQTT"), b"MQTT", proto_ver, connect_flags, keepalive)
 
    if proto_ver == 5:
        packet += properties
 
    if client_id != None:
        packet = packet + struct.pack("!H"+str(len(client_id))+"s", len(client_id), bytes(client_id))
    else:
        packet = packet + struct.pack("!H", 0)
 
    if will_topic != None:
        packet += will_properties
        packet = packet + struct.pack("!H"+str(len(will_topic))+"s", len(will_topic), will_topic)
        if len(will_payload) > 0:
            packet = packet + struct.pack("!H"+str(len(will_payload))+"s", len(will_payload), will_payload)
        else:
            packet = packet + struct.pack("!H", 0)
 
    if username != None:
        packet = packet + struct.pack("!H"+str(len(username))+"s", len(username), username)
        if password != None:
            packet = packet + struct.pack("!H"+str(len(password))+"s", len(password), password)
    return packet
 
def gen_connack(flags=0, rc=0, proto_ver=4, properties=b""):
    if proto_ver == 5:
        if properties is not None:
            properties = mqtt5_props.gen_uint16_prop(mqtt5_props.PROP_TOPIC_ALIAS_MAXIMUM, 10) + properties
        else:
            properties = b""
        properties = mqtt5_props.prop_finalise(properties)
 
        packet = struct.pack('!BBBB', 32, 2+len(properties), flags, rc) + properties
    else:
        packet = struct.pack('!BBBB', 32, 2, flags, rc);
 
    return packet
 
def gen_publish(topic, qos, payload=None, retain=False, dup=False, mid=0, proto_ver=4, properties=b""):
    topic = topic.encode("utf-8")
    rl = 2+len(topic)
    pack_format = "H"+str(len(topic))+"s"
    if qos > 0:
        rl = rl + 2
        pack_format = pack_format + "H"
 
    if proto_ver == 5:
        properties = mqtt5_props.prop_finalise(properties)
        rl += len(properties)
        # This will break if len(properties) > 127
        pack_format = pack_format + "%ds"%(len(properties))
 
    if payload != None:
        payload = payload.encode("utf-8")
        rl = rl + len(payload)
        pack_format = pack_format + str(len(payload))+"s"
    else:
        payload = b""
        pack_format = pack_format + "0s"
 
    rlpacked = pack_remaining_length(rl)
    cmd = 48 | (qos<<1)
    if retain:
        cmd = cmd + 1
    if dup:
        cmd = cmd + 8
 
    if proto_ver == 5:
        if qos > 0:
            return struct.pack("!B" + str(len(rlpacked))+"s" + pack_format, cmd, rlpacked, len(topic), topic, mid, properties, payload)
        else:
            return struct.pack("!B" + str(len(rlpacked))+"s" + pack_format, cmd, rlpacked, len(topic), topic, properties, payload)
    else:
        if qos > 0:
            return struct.pack("!B" + str(len(rlpacked))+"s" + pack_format, cmd, rlpacked, len(topic), topic, mid, payload)
        else:
            return struct.pack("!B" + str(len(rlpacked))+"s" + pack_format, cmd, rlpacked, len(topic), topic, payload)
 
def _gen_command_with_mid(cmd, mid, proto_ver=4, reason_code=-1, properties=None):
    if proto_ver == 5 and (reason_code != -1 or properties is not None):
        if reason_code == -1:
            reason_code = 0
 
        if properties is None:
            return struct.pack('!BBHB', cmd, 3, mid, reason_code)
        elif properties == "":
            return struct.pack('!BBHBB', cmd, 4, mid, reason_code, 0)
        else:
            properties = mqtt5_props.prop_finalise(properties)
            pack_format = "!BBHB"+str(len(properties))+"s"
            return struct.pack(pack_format, cmd, 2+1+len(properties), mid, reason_code, properties)
    else:
        return struct.pack('!BBH', cmd, 2, mid)
 
def gen_puback(mid, proto_ver=4, reason_code=-1, properties=None):
    return _gen_command_with_mid(64, mid, proto_ver, reason_code, properties)
 
def gen_pubrec(mid, proto_ver=4, reason_code=-1, properties=None):
    return _gen_command_with_mid(80, mid, proto_ver, reason_code, properties)
 
def gen_pubrel(mid, dup=False, proto_ver=4, reason_code=-1, properties=None):
    if dup:
        cmd = 96+8+2
    else:
        cmd = 96+2
    return _gen_command_with_mid(cmd, mid, proto_ver, reason_code, properties)
 
def gen_pubcomp(mid, proto_ver=4, reason_code=-1, properties=None):
    return _gen_command_with_mid(112, mid, proto_ver, reason_code, properties)
 
def gen_subscribe(mid, topic, qos, proto_ver=4, properties=b""):
    topic = topic.encode("utf-8")
    if proto_ver == 5:
        if properties == b"":
            pack_format = "!BBHBH"+str(len(topic))+"sB"
            return struct.pack(pack_format, 130, 2+1+2+len(topic)+1, mid, 0, len(topic), topic, qos)
        else:
            properties = mqtt5_props.prop_finalise(properties)
            pack_format = "!BBH"+str(len(properties))+"s"+"H"+str(len(topic))+"sB"
            return struct.pack(pack_format, 130, 2+1+2+len(topic)+len(properties), mid, properties, len(topic), topic, qos)
    else:
        pack_format = "!BBHH"+str(len(topic))+"sB"
        return struct.pack(pack_format, 130, 2+2+len(topic)+1, mid, len(topic), topic, qos)
 
def gen_suback(mid, qos, proto_ver=4):
    if proto_ver == 5:
        return struct.pack('!BBHBB', 144, 2+1+1, mid, 0, qos)
    else:
        return struct.pack('!BBHB', 144, 2+1, mid, qos)
 
def gen_unsubscribe(mid, topic, proto_ver=4):
    topic = topic.encode("utf-8")
    if proto_ver == 5:
        pack_format = "!BBHBH"+str(len(topic))+"s"
        return struct.pack(pack_format, 162, 2+2+len(topic)+1, mid, 0, len(topic), topic)
    else:
        pack_format = "!BBHH"+str(len(topic))+"s"
        return struct.pack(pack_format, 162, 2+2+len(topic), mid, len(topic), topic)
 
def gen_unsubscribe_multiple(mid, topics, proto_ver=4):
    packet = b""
    remaining_length = 0
    for t in topics:
        t = t.encode("utf-8")
        remaining_length += 2+len(t)
        packet += struct.pack("!H"+str(len(t))+"s", len(t), t)
 
    if proto_ver == 5:
        remaining_length += 2+1
 
        return struct.pack("!BBHB", 162, remaining_length, mid, 0) + packet
    else:
        remaining_length += 2
 
        return struct.pack("!BBH", 162, remaining_length, mid) + packet
 
def gen_unsuback(mid, proto_ver=4, reason_code=0):
    if proto_ver == 5:
        if isinstance(reason_code, list):
            reason_code_count = len(reason_code)
            p = struct.pack('!BBHB', 176, 3+reason_code_count, mid, 0)
            for r in reason_code:
                p += struct.pack('B', r)
            return p
        else:
            return struct.pack('!BBHBB', 176, 4, mid, 0, reason_code)
    else:
        return struct.pack('!BBH', 176, 2, mid)
 
def gen_pingreq():
    return struct.pack('!BB', 192, 0)
 
def gen_pingresp():
    return struct.pack('!BB', 208, 0)
 
 
def _gen_short(cmd, reason_code=-1, proto_ver=5, properties=None):
    if proto_ver == 5 and (reason_code != -1 or properties is not None):
        if reason_code == -1:
             reason_code = 0
 
        if properties is None:
            return struct.pack('!BBB', cmd, 1, reason_code)
        elif properties == "":
            return struct.pack('!BBBB', cmd, 2, reason_code, 0)
        else:
            properties = mqtt5_props.prop_finalise(properties)
            return struct.pack("!BBB", cmd, 1+len(properties), reason_code) + properties
    else:
        return struct.pack('!BB', cmd, 0)
 
def gen_disconnect(reason_code=-1, proto_ver=4, properties=None):
    return _gen_short(0xE0, reason_code, proto_ver, properties)
 
def gen_auth(reason_code=-1, properties=None):
    return _gen_short(0xF0, reason_code, 5, properties)
 
 
def pack_remaining_length(remaining_length):
    s = b""
    while True:
        byte = remaining_length % 128
        remaining_length = remaining_length // 128
        # If there are more digits to encode, set the top bit of this digit
        if remaining_length > 0:
            byte = byte | 0x80
 
        s = s + struct.pack("!B", byte)
        if remaining_length == 0:
            return s
 
 
def get_port(count=1):
    if count == 1:
        if len(sys.argv) == 2:
            return int(sys.argv[1])
        else:
            return 1888
    else:
        if len(sys.argv) == 1+count:
            p = ()
            for i in range(0, count):
                p = p + (int(sys.argv[1+i]),)
            return p
        else:
            return tuple(range(1888, 1888+count))
 
 
def get_lib_port():
    if len(sys.argv) == 3:
        return int(sys.argv[2])
    else:
        return 1888
 
 
def do_ping(sock, error_string="pingresp"):
     do_send_receive(sock, gen_pingreq(), gen_pingresp(), error_string)
 
 
@atexit.register
def test_cleanup():
    global vg_logfiles
 
    if os.environ.get('MOSQ_USE_VALGRIND') is not None:
        for f in vg_logfiles:
            try:
                if os.stat(f).st_size == 0:
                    os.remove(f)
            except OSError:
                pass