From d42fb887237e30d5026e006a3774d6b0a215b829 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: guowenxue <guowenxue@gmail.com>
Date: Sat, 25 Jul 2026 21:37:12 +0800
Subject: [PATCH] Add ex2.i2c-bitbang example code
---
ex2.i2c-bitbang/Board/sht20.c | 226 ++
ex2.i2c-bitbang/do_clean.bat | 39
ex2.i2c-bitbang/Board/buzzer.h | 37
ex2.i2c-bitbang/Board/ds18b20.h | 18
ex2.i2c-bitbang/Board/CMakeLists.txt | 28
ex2.i2c-bitbang/Board/buzzer.c | 191 +
ex2.i2c-bitbang/Board/ds18b20.c | 311 ++
ex2.i2c-bitbang/Board/miscdev.c | 409 +++
ex2.i2c-bitbang/Core/Src/main.c | 323 ++
ex2.i2c-bitbang/Board/isl1208.c | 367 +++
ex2.i2c-bitbang/Board/miscdev.h | 170 +
ex2.i2c-bitbang/Board/oled_drv.c | 402 +++
ex2.i2c-bitbang/Board/i2c_bitbang.h | 269 ++
ex2.i2c-bitbang/Board/eeprom.c | 284 ++
ex2.i2c-bitbang/ISKBoard.ioc | 210 +
ex2.i2c-bitbang/.vscode/tasks.json | 48
ex2.i2c-bitbang/Board/i2c_bitbang.c | 734 ++++++
ex2.i2c-bitbang/MDK-ARM/ISKBoard.uvoptx | 753 ++++++
ex2.i2c-bitbang/Board/eeprom.h | 79
ex2.i2c-bitbang/Board/sht20.h | 33
ex2.i2c-bitbang/Board/oled_font.h | 64
ex2.i2c-bitbang/CMakeLists.txt | 75
ex2.i2c-bitbang/MDK-ARM/ISKBoard.uvprojx | 929 ++++++++
ex2.i2c-bitbang/Board/oled_font.c | 323 ++
ex2.i2c-bitbang/.gitignore | 47
ex2.i2c-bitbang/Board/isl1208.h | 73
ex2.i2c-bitbang/Board/oled_drv.h | 163 +
27 files changed, 6,605 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
diff --git a/ex2.i2c-bitbang/.gitignore b/ex2.i2c-bitbang/.gitignore
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..42d5d2e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ex2.i2c-bitbang/.gitignore
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+# ===== .vscode: 只保留下面三个文件 =====
+.vscode/*
+!.vscode/stm32flash.bat
+!.vscode/stm32flash.exe
+!.vscode/tasks.json
+
+# ===== Keil MD: 只保留下面两个文件 =====
+MDK-ARM/*
+!MDK-ARM/ISKBoard.uvoptx
+!MDK-ARM/ISKBoard.uvprojx
+
+# ===== STM32CubeIDE: 忽略下面文件 =====
+.project
+
+# ===== 只保留这两个文件不忽略 =====
+# main.c
+Core/*
+!Core/Src/
+Core/Src/*
+!Core/Src/main.c
+
+# ===== 忽略 CMake 相关生成文件 =====
+.clangd
+.mxproject
+CMakePresets.json
+cmake/
+.settings/
+
+# ===== 忽略启动文件、链接脚本 =====
+*.ld
+startup_stm32*.s
+
+# ===== 忽略厂商 SDK(如果之后 Drivers/ 出现的话)=====
+Drivers/
+Middlewares/
+
+# ===== 忽略编译产物 =====
+build/
+Debug/
+Release/
+*.o
+*.d
+*.a
+*.elf
+*.bin
+*.hex
+*.map
diff --git a/ex2.i2c-bitbang/.vscode/tasks.json b/ex2.i2c-bitbang/.vscode/tasks.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3079dd6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ex2.i2c-bitbang/.vscode/tasks.json
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+{
+ "version": "2.0.0",
+ "tasks": [
+ {
+ "label": "STM32: Flash via ST-Link (SWD)",
+ "type": "shell",
+ "command": "cube",
+ "args": [
+ "programmer",
+ "-c", "port=SWD", "freq=4000", "reset=HWrst",
+ "-w", "${workspaceFolder}\\build\\Release\\ISKBoard.elf",
+ "-rst"
+ ],
+ "group": "build",
+ "problemMatcher": [],
+ "presentation": {
+ "reveal": "always",
+ "panel": "shared",
+ "clear": true
+ }
+ },
+ {
+ "label": "STM32: Flash via Serial (UART)",
+ "type": "shell",
+ "command": "cube",
+ "args": [
+ "programmer",
+ "--connect", "port=${input:comPort}",
+ "-w", "${workspaceFolder}\\build\\Release\\ISKBoard.elf"
+ ],
+ "group": "build",
+ "problemMatcher": [],
+ "presentation": {
+ "reveal": "always",
+ "panel": "shared",
+ "clear": true
+ }
+ }
+ ],
+ "inputs": [
+ {
+ "id": "comPort",
+ "type": "promptString",
+ "description": "!!!请确保开发板进入烧录模式，并输入串口号!!!",
+ "default": "COM22"
+ }
+ ]
+}
diff --git a/ex2.i2c-bitbang/Board/CMakeLists.txt b/ex2.i2c-bitbang/Board/CMakeLists.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c35aeef
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ex2.i2c-bitbang/Board/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.16)
+
+# 取当前文件夹名,并转成小写作为库名
+get_filename_component(MODULE_NAME ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR} NAME)
+string(TOLOWER ${MODULE_NAME} MODULE_NAME_LOWER)
+
+project(${MODULE_NAME_LOWER} C)
+
+# 收集当前目录源码
+file(GLOB MODULE_SRC
+ "${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/*.c"
+)
+
+# 创建静态库
+add_library(${MODULE_NAME_LOWER} STATIC
+ ${MODULE_SRC}
+)
+
+# 头文件搜索路径
+target_include_directories(${MODULE_NAME_LOWER}
+ PUBLIC
+ ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}
+)
+
+target_link_libraries(${MODULE_NAME_LOWER}
+ PUBLIC
+ stm32cubemx
+)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/ex2.i2c-bitbang/Board/buzzer.c b/ex2.i2c-bitbang/Board/buzzer.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f39e80c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ex2.i2c-bitbang/Board/buzzer.c
@@ -0,0 +1,191 @@
+/**********************************************************************
+* Copyright: (C)2024 LingYun IoT System Studio
+* Author: GuoWenxue<guowenxue@gmail.com>
+* Description: ISKBoard buzzer/beeper driver and music play
+*
+* ChangeLog:
+* Version Date Author Description
+* V1.0.0 2024.08.29 GuoWenxue Release initial version
+***********************************************************************/
+
+#include "tim.h"
+#include "buzzer.h"
+
+#define mdelay(ms) HAL_Delay(ms)
+#define ARRAY_SIZE(song) (sizeof(song)/sizeof(song[0]))
+
+/* 音符频率定义(Hz) */
+#define NOTE_C4 524
+#define NOTE_D4 588
+#define NOTE_E4 660
+#define NOTE_F4 698
+#define NOTE_G4 784
+#define NOTE_A4 880
+#define NOTE_B4 988
+#define NOTE_C5 1046
+#define NOTE_D5 1174
+#define NOTE_E5 1318
+#define NOTE_F5 1396
+#define NOTE_G5 1568
+#define NOTE_A5 1760
+#define NOTE_B5 1976
+#define NOTE_C6 2093
+#define REST 0
+
+#define BEAT 400 /* 一拍时长(ms)，可自行调整节奏快慢 */
+
+/* 《小星星》简谱：
+ * 1 1 5 5 6 6 5 - 4 4 3 3 2 2 1
+ * 5 5 4 4 3 3 2 - 5 5 4 4 3 3 2
+ * 1 1 5 5 6 6 5 - 4 4 3 3 2 2 1
+ * (C=1, D=2, E=3, F=4, G=5, A=6, B=7)
+ */
+const Note_t twinkle[] =
+{
+ /* Twinkle twinkle little star */
+ {NOTE_C4, BEAT}, {NOTE_C4, BEAT}, {NOTE_G4, BEAT}, {NOTE_G4, BEAT},
+ {NOTE_A4, BEAT}, {NOTE_A4, BEAT}, {NOTE_G4, BEAT * 2},
+
+ /* How I wonder what you are */
+ {NOTE_F4, BEAT}, {NOTE_F4, BEAT}, {NOTE_E4, BEAT}, {NOTE_E4, BEAT},
+ {NOTE_D4, BEAT}, {NOTE_D4, BEAT}, {NOTE_C4, BEAT * 2},
+
+ /* Up above the world so high */
+ {NOTE_G4, BEAT}, {NOTE_G4, BEAT}, {NOTE_F4, BEAT}, {NOTE_F4, BEAT},
+ {NOTE_E4, BEAT}, {NOTE_E4, BEAT}, {NOTE_D4, BEAT * 2},
+
+ /* Like a diamond in the sky */
+ {NOTE_G4, BEAT}, {NOTE_G4, BEAT}, {NOTE_F4, BEAT}, {NOTE_F4, BEAT},
+ {NOTE_E4, BEAT}, {NOTE_E4, BEAT}, {NOTE_D4, BEAT * 2},
+
+ /* Twinkle twinkle little star (repeat) */
+ {NOTE_C4, BEAT}, {NOTE_C4, BEAT}, {NOTE_G4, BEAT}, {NOTE_G4, BEAT},
+ {NOTE_A4, BEAT}, {NOTE_A4, BEAT}, {NOTE_G4, BEAT * 2},
+
+ /* How I wonder what you are (repeat) */
+ {NOTE_F4, BEAT}, {NOTE_F4, BEAT}, {NOTE_E4, BEAT}, {NOTE_E4, BEAT},
+ {NOTE_D4, BEAT}, {NOTE_D4, BEAT}, {NOTE_C4, BEAT * 2},
+};
+const uint32_t twinkle_count = ARRAY_SIZE(twinkle);
+
+/* 《祝你生日快乐》(Happy Birthday to You)
+ * 该曲旋律/歌词经美国法院2015-2016年裁定确认为公有领域作品，可放心使用。
+ * 简谱: 5 5 6 5 1' 7 | 5 5 6 5 2' 1' | 5 5 5' 3' 1' 7 6 | 4' 4' 3' 1' 2' 1'
+ */
+const Note_t happy_birthday[] =
+{
+ /* Happy Birthday to you */
+ {NOTE_G4, BEAT / 2}, {NOTE_G4, BEAT / 2}, {NOTE_A4, BEAT}, {NOTE_G4, BEAT},
+ {NOTE_C5, BEAT}, {NOTE_B4, BEAT * 2},
+
+ /* Happy Birthday to you */
+ {NOTE_G4, BEAT / 2}, {NOTE_G4, BEAT / 2}, {NOTE_A4, BEAT}, {NOTE_G4, BEAT},
+ {NOTE_D5, BEAT}, {NOTE_C5, BEAT * 2},
+
+ /* Happy Birthday dear friend */
+ {NOTE_G4, BEAT / 2}, {NOTE_G4, BEAT / 2}, {NOTE_G5, BEAT}, {NOTE_E5, BEAT},
+ {NOTE_C5, BEAT}, {NOTE_B4, BEAT}, {NOTE_A4, BEAT * 2},
+
+ /* Happy Birthday to you */
+ {NOTE_F5, BEAT / 2}, {NOTE_F5, BEAT / 2}, {NOTE_E5, BEAT}, {NOTE_C5, BEAT},
+ {NOTE_D5, BEAT}, {NOTE_C5, BEAT * 2},
+
+ /* 结尾留白 */
+ {REST, BEAT * 2},
+};
+const uint32_t happy_birthday_count = ARRAY_SIZE(happy_birthday);
+
+/* 《Jingle Bells》(铃儿响叮当)
+ * 1857年James Lord Pierpont创作，早已进入公有领域。
+ * (下面是常见的简化版本，节奏为大致还原，供播放测试使用)
+ */
+const Note_t jingle_bells[] =
+{
+ /* Jingle bells, jingle bells, jingle all the way */
+ {NOTE_E4, BEAT}, {NOTE_E4, BEAT}, {NOTE_E4, BEAT * 2},
+ {NOTE_E4, BEAT}, {NOTE_E4, BEAT}, {NOTE_E4, BEAT * 2},
+ {NOTE_E4, BEAT}, {NOTE_G4, BEAT}, {NOTE_C4, BEAT}, {NOTE_D4, BEAT},
+ {NOTE_E4, BEAT * 4},
+
+ /* Oh what fun it is to ride in a one-horse open sleigh */
+ {NOTE_F4, BEAT}, {NOTE_F4, BEAT}, {NOTE_F4, BEAT}, {NOTE_F4, BEAT},
+ {NOTE_F4, BEAT}, {NOTE_E4, BEAT}, {NOTE_E4, BEAT}, {NOTE_E4, BEAT / 2}, {NOTE_E4, BEAT / 2},
+ {NOTE_E4, BEAT}, {NOTE_D4, BEAT}, {NOTE_D4, BEAT}, {NOTE_E4, BEAT},
+ {NOTE_D4, BEAT * 2}, {NOTE_G4, BEAT * 2},
+
+ /* 结尾留白 */
+ {REST, BEAT * 2},
+};
+const uint32_t jingle_bells_count = ARRAY_SIZE(jingle_bells);
+
+/*
+ *+----------------------------+
+ *| PWM buzzer API |
+ *+----------------------------+
+ */
+
+/**
+ * @brief 设置蜂鸣器发声频率(占空比固定50%)
+ */
+static inline void Buzzer_SetFreq(uint32_t freq)
+{
+ /* TIM1 初始化 PSC = 79，计数时钟 = 80MHz/80 = 1MHz */
+ uint32_t arr = 1000000U / freq - 1U;
+ __HAL_TIM_SET_AUTORELOAD(&htim1, arr);
+ __HAL_TIM_SET_COMPARE(&htim1, TIM_CHANNEL_4, arr / 2U);
+ __HAL_TIM_SET_COUNTER(&htim1, 0);
+}
+
+/**
+ * @brief 让蜂鸣器响 $times 次，每次间隔 $interval 毫秒
+ */
+void beep_start(uint16_t times, uint16_t interval)
+{
+ Buzzer_SetFreq(2700);
+
+ while( times-- )
+ {
+ /* Start buzzer */
+ HAL_TIM_PWM_Start(&htim1, TIM_CHANNEL_4);
+
+ mdelay(interval);
+
+ /* Stop buzzer */
+ HAL_TIM_PWM_Stop(&htim1, TIM_CHANNEL_4);
+
+ mdelay(interval);
+ }
+}
+
+/**
+ * @brief 播放单个音符
+ */
+static void Buzzer_PlayNote(uint32_t freq, uint32_t duration_ms)
+{
+ if (freq == 0)
+ {
+ HAL_TIM_PWM_Stop(&htim1, TIM_CHANNEL_4);
+ mdelay(duration_ms);
+ return;
+ }
+
+ Buzzer_SetFreq(freq);
+
+ HAL_TIM_PWM_Start(&htim1, TIM_CHANNEL_4);
+ mdelay(duration_ms - 30);
+
+ HAL_TIM_PWM_Stop(&htim1, TIM_CHANNEL_4);
+
+ mdelay(30);
+}
+
+/**
+ * @brief 播放歌曲
+ */
+void Play_Song(const Note_t *song, uint32_t note_count)
+{
+ for (uint32_t i = 0; i < note_count; i++)
+ {
+ Buzzer_PlayNote(song[i].freq, song[i].duration);
+ }
+}
diff --git a/ex2.i2c-bitbang/Board/buzzer.h b/ex2.i2c-bitbang/Board/buzzer.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..549c1a0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ex2.i2c-bitbang/Board/buzzer.h
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+/**********************************************************************
+* Copyright: (C)2024 LingYun IoT System Studio
+* Author: GuoWenxue<guowenxue@gmail.com>
+* Description: ISKBoard buzzer/beeper driver and music play
+*
+* ChangeLog:
+* Version Date Author Description
+* V1.0.0 2024.08.29 GuoWenxue Release initial version
+***********************************************************************/
+
+#ifndef __BUZZER_H
+#define __BUZZER_H
+
+typedef struct
+{
+ uint32_t freq; /* 音符频率，0表示休止 */
+ uint32_t duration; /* 持续时间(ms) */
+} Note_t;
+
+/**
+ * @brief 让蜂鸣器响 $times 次，每次间隔 $interval 毫秒
+ */
+extern void beep_start(uint16_t times, uint16_t interval);
+
+/**
+ * @brief 播放歌曲
+ */
+extern void Play_Song(const Note_t *song, uint32_t note_count);
+
+extern const Note_t twinkle[];
+extern const uint32_t twinkle_count;
+extern const Note_t happy_birthday[];
+extern const uint32_t happy_birthday_count;
+extern const Note_t jingle_bells[];
+extern const uint32_t jingle_bells_count;
+
+#endif
diff --git a/ex2.i2c-bitbang/Board/ds18b20.c b/ex2.i2c-bitbang/Board/ds18b20.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..55b295f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ex2.i2c-bitbang/Board/ds18b20.c
@@ -0,0 +1,311 @@
+/**********************************************************************
+ * Copyright: (C)2024 LingYun IoT System Studio
+ * Author: GuoWenxue<guowenxue@gmail.com>
+ *
+ * Description: Temperature sensor DS18B20 driver on ISKBoard
+ *
+ * ChangeLog:
+ * Version Date Author Description
+ * V1.0.0 2024.08.29 GuoWenxue Release initial version
+ *
+ ***********************************************************************/
+
+ #include "miscdev.h"
+
+/* DS18B20 上的数据通信口 DQ 连到了 CPU 的 PA12 引脚上 */
+static gpio_t W1Dat =
+{
+ .name = "1-wire",
+ .group = GPIOA,
+ .pin = GPIO_PIN_12,
+};
+
+/* 下面定义了一些DS18B20通信DQ引脚的操作宏，这里之所以用宏而不是函数是
+ * 减少函数调用的CPU开销。在下面宏中最后面出现的 \ 为断行符，如果不清楚
+ * 的话，可以自行 Deepseek 搜索学习：宏定义 断行符
+ */
+
+/* 这里定义了一个宏，用来初始化DQ引脚：设置为输入模式，并使能内部上拉 */
+#define W1DQ_Input() \
+{ \
+ GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStruct = {0}; \
+ GPIO_InitStruct.Pin = W1Dat.pin; \
+ GPIO_InitStruct.Mode = GPIO_MODE_INPUT; \
+ GPIO_InitStruct.Pull = GPIO_PULLUP; \
+ GPIO_InitStruct.Speed = GPIO_SPEED_FREQ_HIGH; \
+ HAL_GPIO_Init(W1Dat.group, &GPIO_InitStruct); \
+}
+
+/* 这里定义了一个宏，用来把 DQ 引脚设置为推挽输出模式 */
+#define W1DQ_Output() \
+{ \
+ GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStruct = {0}; \
+ GPIO_InitStruct.Pin = W1Dat.pin; \
+ GPIO_InitStruct.Mode = GPIO_MODE_OUTPUT_PP; \
+ GPIO_InitStruct.Pull = GPIO_NOPULL; \
+ GPIO_InitStruct.Speed = GPIO_SPEED_FREQ_HIGH; \
+ HAL_GPIO_Init(W1Dat.group, &GPIO_InitStruct); \
+}
+
+/* 这里定义了一个宏，用来写控制 DQ 引脚时输出高电平还是低电平 */
+#define W1DQ_Write(x) HAL_GPIO_WritePin(W1Dat.group, W1Dat.pin, \
+ (x==1)?GPIO_PIN_SET:GPIO_PIN_RESET)
+
+/* 这里定义了一个宏，用来读 DQ 引脚，当前时高电平还是低电平 */
+#define W1DQ_Read() HAL_GPIO_ReadPin(W1Dat.group, W1Dat.pin)
+
+/* 这里定义了一个枚举，用来定义低电平和高电平 */
+enum {
+ LOW, /* 低电平：LOW=0 */
+ HIGH, /* 高电平: LOW=1 */
+};
+
+/* 单总线上的所有通信都是以初始化序列开始，Master发出初始化信号后等待从设备的应答信号，以确定从设备是否存在并能正常工作。 */
+static int ds18b20_reset(void)
+{
+ int time = 0;
+ int present = 0; /* 设置默认值没有探测到 DS18B20 */
+ static int firstin = 1;
+
+ /* 使能所用 GPIO 口的时钟 */
+ if(firstin)
+ {
+ gpio_clk_enable(W1Dat.group);
+ firstin = 0;
+ }
+
+ /* 设置 DQ 引脚为输出模式 */
+ W1DQ_Output();
+
+ /* 主机(CPU)输出低电平，并保持低电平时间至少 480us，以产生复位脉冲。 */
+ W1DQ_Write(LOW);
+ udelay(480);
+
+ /* 接着主机(CPU)释放总线, 4.7K 的上拉电阻将单总线拉高，延时 15～60 us，并进入接收模式(Rx) */
+ W1DQ_Write(HIGH); // 这里先拉高是确保在模式切换瞬间，总线已经是高电平，避免模式切换瞬间可能出现的不确定状态。
+ udelay(60);
+ W1DQ_Input();
+
+ /* DS18B20芯片在收到主机发送过来的这个复位脉冲后，将会拉低总线 60~240 us，以产生低电平应答脉冲 */
+ while( W1DQ_Read() && time<240) {
+ time++;
+ udelay(1);
+ }
+
+ /* 如果 time<240 则说明上面的while()循环是因为W1DQ_Read()读到了低电平(0) 跳出的，而不是超时
+ * 跳出。这也就意味着CPU在这段期间读到了低电平，探测到DS18B20芯片了。
+ */
+ if( time < 240 )
+ present = 1;
+
+ /* 释放总线并维持至少480us */
+ W1DQ_Output();
+ W1DQ_Write(HIGH);
+ udelay(480-time);
+
+ return present;
+}
+
+/*
+* 写 0 时序：主机输出低电平，延时 60us，然后释放总线，延时 2us；
+* 写 1 时序：主机输出低电平，延时 2us，然后释放总线，延时 60us；
+*/
+void ds18b20_write_byte(uint8_t byte)
+{
+ uint8_t i = 0;
+
+ /* 设置 DS18B20的DQ引脚为输出模式 */
+ W1DQ_Output();
+
+ /* 1个字节包含8个位，DS18B20数据发送是LSB(低位先发送) */
+ for(i=0; i<8; i++) {
+
+ /* DS18B20的写0逻辑是将 DQ 拉低>=60us 后拉高,写1逻辑是拉低<=15us后拉高 */
+
+ /* 这里先将 DS18B20 的 DQ 线线拉低 10us(<15us) */
+ W1DQ_Write(LOW);
+ udelay(10);
+
+ /* 判断当前位是1还是0 */
+ if( byte & 0x1 )
+ W1DQ_Write(HIGH); /* 如果当前位是1，则现在就拉成高电平，这样低电平维持时间 10us */
+ else
+ W1DQ_Write(LOW); /* 如果当前位是0，则继续维持低电平，这样低电平维持时间位 10+下面的60us */
+
+ /* 无论是写0还是写1，DQ的写时序都要大于15+15+30=60us */
+ udelay(60);
+
+ /* 发送0/1数据位完成后，拉高总线并延时 2us */
+ W1DQ_Write(HIGH);
+ udelay(2);
+
+ /* 该字节数据右移1位，即再发下一位数据 */
+ byte >>= 1;
+ }
+}
+
+/* 当总线控制器把数据线从高电平拉到低电平时，读时序开始，数据线必须至少保持1us，然后总线被释放。
+ * DS18B20 通过拉高或拉低总线上来传输”1”或”0”。
+ */
+uint8_t ds18b20_read_byte(void)
+{
+ uint8_t i = 0;
+ uint8_t byte = 0;
+
+ /* 1个字节包含8个位，DS18B20数据发送是LSB(低位先发送)，所以读也是LSB */
+ for(i=0; i<8; i++) {
+ /* 当CPU把数据线DQ拉低至少1us后，读时序开始。*/
+ W1DQ_Output();
+ W1DQ_Write(LOW);
+ udelay(2);
+
+ /* CPU拉高DQ释放总线 */
+ W1DQ_Write(HIGH);
+ udelay(2);
+
+ /* CPU设置DQ为输入模式，等待DS18B20发数据过来，注意此时需要靠上拉电阻将总线拉成高电平 */
+ W1DQ_Input();
+
+ /* DS18B20开始以 LSB (lower bit first) 模式发送数据 */
+ if( W1DQ_Read() ) {
+ byte |= 1<<i; /* 如果接收到该位是高电平，则将相应位设置为1，否则为0 */
+ }
+
+ /* 读时序至少维持15+45=60us */
+ udelay(60);
+
+ /* CPU拉高DQ并释放总线 */
+ W1DQ_Output();
+ W1DQ_Write(HIGH);
+ udelay(2);
+ }
+
+ return byte;
+}
+
+/* 该函数用来给 DS18B20 传感器发送开始采样温度命令 */
+static inline int ds18b20_convert(void)
+{
+ /* 发送复位信号，看DS18B20模块是否在位，如果模块不在或坏了就返回错误值(-1)。 */
+ if( !ds18b20_reset() )
+ return -1;
+
+ /* 这里我们不关心ROM中的16位产品序列号，就发送 Skip ROM 命令跳过SN的读取 */
+ ds18b20_write_byte(0xCC);
+
+ /* 发送 Convert T 命令，通知DS18B20开始温度采样 */
+ ds18b20_write_byte(0x44);
+
+ return 0;
+}
+
+/* 根据DS18B20的 CRC 校验公式(CRC = X^8 + X^5 + X^4 + 1) 来检测收到的数据是否出错 */
+static int ds18b20_checkcrc(uint8_t *data, uint8_t length, uint8_t checksum)
+{
+ uint8_t i, j, byte;
+ uint8_t mix = 0;
+ uint8_t crc = 0;
+
+ for ( i=0; i<length; i++ ) {
+ byte = data[i];
+
+ for( j=0; j<8; j++ ) {
+ mix = ( crc ^ byte ) & 0x01;
+ crc >>= 1;
+ if ( mix )
+ crc ^= 0x8C; //POLYNOMIAL;
+ byte >>= 1;
+ }
+ }
+
+ return crc==checksum ? 1 : 0;
+}
+
+/* 读取 DS18B20 的采样温度值 */
+static inline int ds18b20_read(uint8_t *out, int bytes)
+{
+ uint8_t buf[9];
+ uint8_t i = 0;
+
+ /* CPU给DS18B02发送复位信号并探测芯片是否存在 */
+ if( !ds18b20_reset() )
+ return -1;
+
+ /* 这里我们不关心ROM中的16位产品序列号，就发送 Skip ROM 命令跳过SN的读取 */
+ ds18b20_write_byte(0xCC);
+
+ /* 发送 Read Scratchpad 命令开始读取DS18B20的采样温度值 */
+ ds18b20_write_byte(0xBE);
+
+ buf[i++] = ds18b20_read_byte(); /* 第1个字节是温度值的低字节(LSB) */
+ buf[i++] = ds18b20_read_byte(); /* 第2个字节是温度值的高字节(MSB) */
+ buf[i++] = ds18b20_read_byte(); /* 第3个字节不关心 */
+ buf[i++] = ds18b20_read_byte(); /* 第4个字节不关心 */
+ buf[i++] = ds18b20_read_byte(); /* 第5个字节是用户配置寄存器，也不关系 */
+ buf[i++] = ds18b20_read_byte(); /* 第6个字节保留(0xFF) */
+ buf[i++] = ds18b20_read_byte(); /* 第7个字节保留 */
+ buf[i++] = ds18b20_read_byte(); /* 第8个字节保留(0x10) */
+ buf[i++] = ds18b20_read_byte(); /* 第9个字节是CRC校验和 */
+
+ /* 将读取到的前8个字节数据按照CRC公司计算校验和，与第9个字节做对比看是否匹配 */
+ if( !ds18b20_checkcrc(buf, 8, buf[8]) ) {
+ return -2; /* CRC校验失败就返回错误值 */
+ }
+
+ /* CRC校验通过就输出读到的2字节温度采样原始数据 */
+ out[0]=buf[0];
+ out[1]=buf[1];
+
+ return 0;
+}
+
+int ds18b20_sample(float *temperature)
+{
+ uint8_t byte[2];
+ uint8_t sign;
+ uint16_t temp;
+ static uint8_t firstin = 1;
+
+ if( !temperature )
+ return -1;
+
+ /* 发送开始采样的命令 */
+ if( ds18b20_convert()<0 )
+ return -2;
+
+ /* 芯片datasheet说明第一次启动采样最大需要750ms完成，否则将会在100ms内完成采样 */
+ if( firstin ) {
+ mdelay(750);
+ firstin = 0;
+ }
+ else {
+ mdelay(100);
+ }
+
+ /* 开始从DS18B20传感器读取2字节的原始数据 */
+ if( ds18b20_read(byte, 2)<0 )
+ return -3;
+
+ /* 采样温度值两个字节，共16位。其中byte[0]为低字节、byte[1]为高字节：
+ * LSB: Bits[0:3]为小数位 2^(-4) ~ 2^(-1) Bits[4:7]为整数位:2^0~2^3
+ * MSB: Bits[0:2]为为整数位:2^4~2^6 Bits[3:7]为符号位: 全1表示温度为负值
+ */
+
+ /* 高字节的低3位为温度整数值，高8位为符号位。*/
+ if( byte[1]> 0x7 ) { /* 如果>7(低三位最大为111=7)，说明为负值 */
+ temp = ~(byte[1]<<8|byte[0]) + 1;
+ sign=0;
+ }
+ else {
+ temp = byte[1]<<8 | byte[0];
+ sign=1;
+ }
+
+ /* DS18b20默认工作精度为12位，高8位是整数部分，低4位为小数部分。小数部分刻度为0.0625(1/16) */
+ *temperature = (temp>>4) + (temp&0xF)*0.0625 ;
+ if( !sign ) {
+ *temperature = -*temperature;
+ }
+
+ return 0;
+}
diff --git a/ex2.i2c-bitbang/Board/ds18b20.h b/ex2.i2c-bitbang/Board/ds18b20.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a5d4647
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ex2.i2c-bitbang/Board/ds18b20.h
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+/**********************************************************************
+ * Copyright: (C)2024 LingYun IoT System Studio
+ * Author: GuoWenxue<guowenxue@gmail.com>
+ *
+ * Description: Temperature sensor DS18B20 driver on ISKBoard
+ *
+ * ChangeLog:
+ * Version Date Author Description
+ * V1.0.0 2024.08.29 GuoWenxue Release initial version
+ *
+ ***********************************************************************/
+
+#ifndef __DS18B20_H_
+#define __DS18B20_H_
+
+extern int ds18b20_sample(float *temperature);
+
+#endif /* __DS18B20_H_ */
diff --git a/ex2.i2c-bitbang/Board/eeprom.c b/ex2.i2c-bitbang/Board/eeprom.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fd489e3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ex2.i2c-bitbang/Board/eeprom.c
@@ -0,0 +1,284 @@
+/**********************************************************************
+* Copyright: (C)2024 LingYun IoT System Studio
+* Author: GuoWenxue<guowenxue@gmail.com>
+* Description: I2C EEPROM device driver for ISKBoard (Internal Lock Version)
+*
+* ChangeLog:
+* Version Date Author Description
+* V1.5.0 2026.07.08 GuoWenxue Use goto cleanup for unified lock releasing
+***********************************************************************/
+
+#include "eeprom.h"
+#include "miscdev.h" /* 提供 mdelay() / udelay() */
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+
+/* EEPROM 型号表：未来若有新芯片，只需在此处追加一行，其余代码不用更改 */
+static const eeprom_info_t eeprom_ids[] = {
+ { EEPROM_INFO("AT24C02", 256, 8, 1) },
+ { EEPROM_INFO("AT24C04", 512, 16, 1) },
+ { EEPROM_INFO("AT24C08", 1024, 16, 1) },
+ { EEPROM_INFO("AT24C16", 2048, 16, 1) },
+ { EEPROM_INFO("AT24C32", 4096, 32, 2) },
+ { EEPROM_INFO("AT24C64", 8192, 32, 2) },
+ { EEPROM_INFO("AT24C128", 16384, 64, 2) },
+ { EEPROM_INFO("AT24C256", 32768, 64, 2) },
+};
+#define EEPROM_IDS_NUM (sizeof(eeprom_ids) / sizeof(eeprom_ids[0]))
+
+/**
+ * @brief 根据芯片型号名称内部查找匹配的型号
+ */
+static const eeprom_info_t *eeprom_find_info_by_name(const char *name)
+{
+ uint32_t i;
+ for (i = 0; i < EEPROM_IDS_NUM; i++)
+ {
+ if (strcmp(eeprom_ids[i].name, name) == 0)
+ {
+ return &eeprom_ids[i];
+ }
+ }
+ return NULL;
+}
+
+/**
+ * @brief 初始化 EEPROM 设备参数（通过型号名称自动查表匹配）
+ */
+int eeprom_init(eeprom_dev_t *eeprom, i2c_bus_t *bus, uint8_t dev_addr, const char *chip_name)
+{
+ const eeprom_info_t *info = eeprom_find_info_by_name(chip_name);
+
+ if (!info || !eeprom || !bus)
+ {
+ printf("EEPROM: Named device [%s] not supported!\r\n", chip_name ? chip_name : "NULL");
+ return -1;
+ }
+
+ eeprom->bus = bus;
+ eeprom->dev_addr = dev_addr;
+ eeprom->info = info;
+
+ printf("Initialized EEPROM(%s), Capacity: %ld Bytes, Page Size: %ld\r\n",
+ info->name, info->capacity, info->page_size);
+ return 0;
+}
+
+/**
+ * @brief EEPROM 测试函数
+ */
+int eeprom_test(i2c_bus_t *bus)
+{
+ eeprom_dev_t my_at24c256;
+ uint8_t tx_buf[100];
+ uint8_t rx_buf[100];
+ int i;
+ int rv = -1;
+
+ /* 1. 初始化 EEPROM 参数 */
+ if (eeprom_init(&my_at24c256, bus, 0x50, "AT24C256") != 0)
+ {
+ return -1;
+ }
+
+ /* 2. 填充测试数据 */
+ for (i = 0; i < sizeof(tx_buf); i++)
+ {
+ tx_buf[i] = i;
+ }
+
+ /* 3. 测试跨页连续写 */
+ if (eeprom_write(&my_at24c256, 0x00A0, tx_buf, sizeof(tx_buf)) != I2C_OK)
+ {
+ goto cleanup;
+ }
+
+ /* 4. 测试任意地址连续读 */
+ if (eeprom_read(&my_at24c256, 0x00A0, rx_buf, sizeof(rx_buf)) != I2C_OK)
+ {
+ goto cleanup;
+ }
+
+ /* 5. 数据一致性校验 */
+ if (memcmp(tx_buf, rx_buf, sizeof(tx_buf)) == 0)
+ {
+ rv = 0;
+ }
+
+cleanup:
+ printf("AT24C256 Read/Write Test %s!\r\n", rv == 0 ? "Passed" : "Failed");
+ return rv;
+}
+
+/**
+ * @brief 24C16仅支持单字节地址(可寻址256字节)，需借用I2C设备地址的低3位充当片内地址的高3位。
+ */
+static inline uint8_t eeprom_get_actual_addr(eeprom_dev_t *eeprom, uint16_t reg_addr)
+{
+ uint8_t actual_dev_addr = eeprom->dev_addr;
+ if (eeprom->info->addr_bytes == 1 && eeprom->info->capacity > 256)
+ {
+ actual_dev_addr |= (uint8_t)((reg_addr >> 8) & 0x07);
+ }
+ return actual_dev_addr;
+}
+
+/**
+ * @brief 从 EEPROM 任意地址读取指定长度数据
+ */
+i2c_status_t eeprom_read(eeprom_dev_t *eeprom, uint16_t reg_addr, uint8_t *buf, uint16_t len)
+{
+ uint8_t addr_buf[2];
+ uint8_t addr_len = 0;
+ i2c_msg_t msgs[2];
+ i2c_status_t status;
+
+ if ( len == 0 || !buf || !eeprom || !eeprom->bus || !eeprom->info )
+ {
+ return I2C_OK;
+ }
+
+ /* 1. 准备发送数据 */
+ if (eeprom->info->addr_bytes == 2)
+ {
+ addr_buf[addr_len++] = (uint8_t)(reg_addr >> 8);
+ }
+ addr_buf[addr_len++] = (uint8_t)(reg_addr & 0xFF);
+
+ /* 2. 封装 I2C 消息 */
+ msgs[0].addr = eeprom_get_actual_addr(eeprom, reg_addr);
+ msgs[0].flags = I2C_M_WR;
+ msgs[0].len = addr_len;
+ msgs[0].buf = addr_buf;
+
+ msgs[1].addr = msgs[0].addr;
+ msgs[1].flags = I2C_M_RD;
+ msgs[1].len = len;
+ msgs[1].buf = buf;
+
+ /* 3. 锁住 I2C 总线 */
+ if (i2c_lock(eeprom->bus) != I2C_OK)
+ {
+ return I2C_BUSY;
+ }
+
+ /* 4. 调用 i2c_transfer 发送消息 */
+ status = i2c_transfer(eeprom->bus, msgs, 2);
+
+ /* 5. 释放 I2C 总线 */
+ i2c_unlock(eeprom->bus);
+
+ return status;
+}
+
+/**
+ * @brief 轮询 EEPROM 硬件内部擦写就绪状态
+ */
+static void eeprom_wait_standby(eeprom_dev_t *eeprom, uint16_t reg_addr)
+{
+ i2c_msg_t msg;
+ uint32_t timeout = 2000;
+
+ msg.addr = eeprom_get_actual_addr(eeprom, reg_addr);
+ msg.flags = I2C_M_WR;
+ msg.len = 0;
+ msg.buf = NULL;
+
+ while (timeout--)
+ {
+ if (i2c_transfer(eeprom->bus, &msg, 1) == I2C_OK)
+ {
+ break; /* 芯片返回 ACK，擦写完成，退出轮询 */
+ }
+ udelay(50);
+ }
+}
+
+/**
+ * @brief 向 EEPROM 写入单页数据
+ */
+static i2c_status_t eeprom_write_page(eeprom_dev_t *eeprom, uint16_t reg_addr, uint8_t *buf, uint16_t len)
+{
+ uint8_t tx_payload[128];
+ uint8_t addr_len = 0;
+ i2c_msg_t msg;
+ i2c_status_t status = I2C_OK;
+
+ /* 1. 准备发送数据 */
+ if (eeprom->info->addr_bytes == 2)
+ {
+ tx_payload[addr_len++] = (uint8_t)(reg_addr >> 8);
+ }
+ tx_payload[addr_len++] = (uint8_t)(reg_addr & 0xFF);
+ memcpy(&tx_payload[addr_len], buf, len);
+
+ msg.addr = eeprom_get_actual_addr(eeprom, reg_addr);
+ msg.flags = I2C_M_WR;
+ msg.len = addr_len + len;
+ msg.buf = tx_payload;
+
+ /* 2. 锁住 I2C 总线 */
+ if (i2c_lock(eeprom->bus) != I2C_OK)
+ {
+ return I2C_BUSY;
+ }
+
+ /* 3. 调用 i2c_transfer 发送消息 */
+ status = i2c_transfer(eeprom->bus, &msg, 1);
+ if (status != I2C_OK)
+ {
+ status = I2C_ERROR;
+ goto cleanup;
+ }
+
+ /* 4. 轮询等待 EEPROM 内部擦写完成 */
+ eeprom_wait_standby(eeprom, reg_addr);
+
+cleanup:
+ /* 5. 释放 I2C 总线 */
+ i2c_unlock(eeprom->bus);
+
+ return status;
+}
+
+/**
+ * @brief 大批量数据动态跨页分包连续写入
+ */
+i2c_status_t eeprom_write(eeprom_dev_t *eeprom, uint16_t reg_addr, uint8_t *buf, uint16_t len)
+{
+ i2c_status_t status = I2C_OK;
+ uint16_t count = 0;
+ uint16_t page_offset;
+ uint16_t bytes_to_write;
+
+ if ( len == 0 || !buf || !eeprom || !eeprom->bus || !eeprom->info )
+ {
+ return I2C_OK;
+ }
+
+ while (len > 0)
+ {
+ page_offset = reg_addr % eeprom->info->page_size;
+
+ bytes_to_write = eeprom->info->page_size - page_offset;
+ if (bytes_to_write > len)
+ {
+ bytes_to_write = len;
+ }
+
+ /* 内部单页级连写带等就绪的一体化锁定 */
+ status = eeprom_write_page(eeprom, reg_addr, &buf[count], bytes_to_write);
+ if (status != I2C_OK)
+ {
+ goto cleanup;
+ }
+
+ reg_addr += bytes_to_write;
+ count += bytes_to_write;
+ len -= bytes_to_write;
+ }
+
+cleanup:
+ return status;
+}
diff --git a/ex2.i2c-bitbang/Board/eeprom.h b/ex2.i2c-bitbang/Board/eeprom.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ca823a8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ex2.i2c-bitbang/Board/eeprom.h
@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+/**********************************************************************
+* Copyright: (C)2024 LingYun IoT System Studio
+* Author: GuoWenxue<guowenxue@gmail.com>
+* Description: I2C EEPROM device driver for ISKBoard
+*
+* ChangeLog:
+* Version Date Author Description
+* V1.0.0 2024.08.29 GuoWenxue Release initial version
+***********************************************************************/
+#ifndef __EEPROM_H__
+#define __EEPROM_H__
+
+#include "i2c_bitbang.h"
+
+#define EEPROM_INFO(_name, _cap, _page, _addr_bytes) \
+ .name = _name, \
+ .capacity = _cap, \
+ .page_size = _page, \
+ .addr_bytes = _addr_bytes, \
+ .n_pages = (_cap)/(_page)
+
+typedef struct eeprom_info
+{
+ const char *name; /* 芯片型号名称，如 "AT24C256" */
+ uint32_t capacity; /* 总容量 (Bytes) */
+ uint32_t page_size; /* 单页大小 (Bytes) */
+ uint8_t addr_bytes; /* 片内寻址字节数：1 或 2 */
+ uint32_t n_pages; /* 总页数 */
+} eeprom_info_t;
+
+/* 设备运行时上下文结构体 */
+typedef struct eeprom_dev
+{
+ i2c_bus_t *bus; /* 绑定的 I2C 总线 */
+ uint8_t dev_addr; /* 基础 I2C 从机地址 (通常为 0x50) */
+ const eeprom_info_t *info; /* 指向匹配成功的规格信息，直接替代原 switch-case */
+} eeprom_dev_t;
+
+/* 导出 API */
+
+/**
+ * @brief 初始化 EEPROM 设备结构体对象
+ * @note 该函数仅做内部参数映射与规格配置(如页大小、芯片容量)。
+ * @param eeprom: 指向 EEPROM 设备句柄的指针
+ * @param bus: 绑定的物理 I2C 总线对象指针
+ * @param dev_addr: EEPROM 的 7 位 I2C 从机基地址 (例如 AT24C256 常规为 0x50)
+ * @param chip_name: EEPROM 的芯片型号名称 (例如 "AT24C256")
+ * @retval None
+ */
+int eeprom_init(eeprom_dev_t *eeprom, i2c_bus_t *bus, uint8_t dev_addr, const char *chip_name);
+
+/**
+ * @brief 从 EEPROM 的指定内部地址连续读取数据
+ * @param eeprom: 指向已初始化的 EEPROM 设备句柄的指针
+ * @param reg_addr: 芯片内部物理存储的 16 位起始地址 (0x0000 ~ 0x7FFF)
+ * @param buf: 存放接收数据的用户缓冲区指针
+ * @param len: 期望读取的数据字节数
+ * @retval I2C_OK: 读取成功; I2C_ERROR: 总线或从机无应答; I2C_BUSY: 总线被占用
+ */
+i2c_status_t eeprom_read(eeprom_dev_t *eeprom, uint16_t reg_addr, uint8_t *buf, uint16_t len);
+
+/**
+ * @brief 向 EEPROM 的指定内部地址连续写入数据（含跨页切片处理）
+ * @param eeprom: 指向已初始化的 EEPROM 设备句柄的指针
+ * @param reg_addr: 芯片内部物理存储的 16 位起始地址 (0x0000 ~ 0x7FFF)
+ * @param buf: 存放待发送数据的源缓冲区指针
+ * @param len: 期望写入的数据字节数
+ * @retval I2C_OK: 全部数据写入成功; I2C_ERROR: 期间发生物理通信故障
+ */
+i2c_status_t eeprom_write(eeprom_dev_t *eeprom, uint16_t reg_addr, uint8_t *buf, uint16_t len);
+
+/**
+ * @brief EEPROM 测试函数
+ * @param bus: 绑定的物理 I2C 总线对象指针
+ * @retval None
+ */
+int eeprom_test(i2c_bus_t *bus);
+
+#endif /* __EEPROM_H__ */
diff --git a/ex2.i2c-bitbang/Board/i2c_bitbang.c b/ex2.i2c-bitbang/Board/i2c_bitbang.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..18adc9c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ex2.i2c-bitbang/Board/i2c_bitbang.c
@@ -0,0 +1,734 @@
+/**********************************************************************
+ * Copyright: (C)2024 LingYun IoT System Studio
+ * Author: GuoWenxue<guowenxue@gmail.com>
+ *
+ * Description: The purpose of this code is to provide a simple C library,
+ * which providing software bit-bang of the I2C protocol on
+ * any GPIO pins for ISKBoard.
+ *
+ * ChangeLog:
+ * Version Date Author Description
+ * V1.0.0 2024.08.29 GuoWenxue Release initial version
+ *
+ ***********************************************************************/
+
+#include <stdbool.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include "miscdev.h" /* udelay() */
+#include "i2c_bitbang.h"
+
+/* I2C1 bus instance for SHT20, RTC, OLED on board */
+i2c_bus_t i2c1_bus =
+{
+ .lock = ATOMIC_VAR_INIT(false),
+ .addr = 0x00,
+ .scl = {GPIOB, GPIO_PIN_6},
+ .sda = {GPIOB, GPIO_PIN_7},
+};
+
+/* I2C2 bus instance on MikroBUS */
+i2c_bus_t i2c2_bus =
+{
+ .lock = ATOMIC_VAR_INIT(false),
+ .addr = 0x00,
+ .scl = {GPIOB, GPIO_PIN_10},
+ .sda = {GPIOB, GPIO_PIN_11},
+};
+
+/*
+ *+---------------------------------+
+ *| I2C GPIO port Level functions |
+ *+---------------------------------+
+ */
+
+/**
+ * @brief Initialize I2C GPIO pins
+ * @param bus: pointer to I2C bus structure
+ * @retval None
+ */
+void i2c_gpio_init(i2c_bus_t *bus)
+{
+ GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStruct = {0};
+
+ /* Enable GPIO clocks */
+ gpio_clk_enable(bus->scl.group);
+ gpio_clk_enable(bus->sda.group);
+
+ /* Configure SCL pin */
+ GPIO_InitStruct.Pin = bus->scl.pin;
+ GPIO_InitStruct.Mode = GPIO_MODE_OUTPUT_OD; /* Open-drain output */
+ GPIO_InitStruct.Pull = GPIO_PULLUP;
+ GPIO_InitStruct.Speed = GPIO_SPEED_FREQ_HIGH;
+ HAL_GPIO_Init(bus->scl.group, &GPIO_InitStruct);
+
+ /* Configure SDA pin */
+ GPIO_InitStruct.Pin = bus->sda.pin;
+ GPIO_InitStruct.Mode = GPIO_MODE_OUTPUT_OD; /* Open-drain output */
+ GPIO_InitStruct.Pull = GPIO_PULLUP;
+ GPIO_InitStruct.Speed = GPIO_SPEED_FREQ_HIGH;
+ HAL_GPIO_Init(bus->sda.group, &GPIO_InitStruct);
+
+ /* Set both pins to HIGH (idle state) */
+ HAL_GPIO_WritePin(bus->scl.group, bus->scl.pin, GPIO_PIN_SET);
+ HAL_GPIO_WritePin(bus->sda.group, bus->sda.pin, GPIO_PIN_SET);
+}
+
+/**
+ * @brief Set SCL pin level
+ * @param bus: pointer to I2C bus structure
+ * @param level: LOW or HIGH
+ * @retval None
+ */
+static inline void i2c_scl_set(i2c_bus_t *bus, uint8_t level)
+{
+ HAL_GPIO_WritePin(bus->scl.group, bus->scl.pin, level?GPIO_PIN_SET:GPIO_PIN_RESET);
+}
+
+/**
+ * @brief Set SDA pin level
+ * @param bus: pointer to I2C bus structure
+ * @param level: LOW or HIGH
+ * @retval None
+ */
+static inline void i2c_sda_set(i2c_bus_t *bus, uint8_t level)
+{
+ HAL_GPIO_WritePin(bus->sda.group, bus->sda.pin, level?GPIO_PIN_SET:GPIO_PIN_RESET);
+}
+
+/**
+ * @brief Read SDA pin level
+ * @param bus: pointer to I2C bus structure
+ * @retval pin level (0 or 1)
+ */
+static uint8_t i2c_sda_read(i2c_bus_t *bus)
+{
+ return (HAL_GPIO_ReadPin(bus->sda.group, bus->sda.pin) == GPIO_PIN_SET) ? 1 : 0;
+}
+
+
+/*
+ *+---------------------------------+
+ *| I2C bus control function |
+ *+---------------------------------+
+ */
+
+/**
+ * @brief 工业级模拟 I2C 总线初始化 (带硬件死锁九脉冲自愈)
+ * @param bus: pointer to I2C bus structure
+ * @retval None
+ */
+void i2c_init(i2c_bus_t *bus)
+{
+ if (!bus)
+ {
+ return;
+ }
+
+ /* 1. 初始化 I2C GPIO 口 */
+ i2c_gpio_init(bus);
+
+ /* 2. 连续发送 9 个 SCL 时钟脉冲 */
+ i2c_sda_set(bus, HIGH);
+ for (int i = 0; i < 9; i++)
+ {
+ i2c_scl_set(bus, LOW);
+ udelay(I2C_DELAY_US);
+ i2c_scl_set(bus, HIGH);
+ udelay(I2C_DELAY_US);
+ }
+
+ /* 3. 补发一个结束信号，强迫所有从机回到空闲态 */
+ i2c_scl_set(bus, LOW);
+ udelay(I2C_DELAY_US);
+ i2c_sda_set(bus, LOW);
+ udelay(I2C_DELAY_US);
+ i2c_scl_set(bus, HIGH);
+ udelay(I2C_DELAY_US);
+ i2c_sda_set(bus, HIGH);
+ udelay(I2C_DELAY_US);
+}
+
+/**
+ * @brief Deinitialize I2C GPIO pins
+ * @param bus: pointer to I2C bus structure
+ * @retval None
+ */
+void i2c_deinit(i2c_bus_t *bus)
+{
+ HAL_GPIO_DeInit(bus->scl.group, bus->scl.pin);
+ HAL_GPIO_DeInit(bus->sda.group, bus->sda.pin);
+ atomic_store(&bus->lock, false);
+}
+
+/**
+ * @brief 绑定设备及地址到 I2C 总线上
+ */
+int i2c_bind_dev(i2c_dev_t *dev, i2c_bus_t *bus, uint8_t dev_addr)
+{
+ if (!dev || !bus)
+ {
+ return -1;
+ }
+
+ dev->bus = bus;
+ dev->dev_addr = dev_addr;
+
+ return 0;
+}
+
+/**
+ * @brief 将I2C总线加锁让设备独占总线
+ */
+int i2c_lock_dev(i2c_dev_t *dev)
+{
+ if( !dev || !dev->bus )
+ {
+ return -1;
+ }
+
+ /* 安全上锁，若总线被占用则在此阻塞等待 */
+ if( I2C_OK != i2c_lock(dev->bus) )
+ {
+ return -2;
+ }
+
+ return 0;
+}
+
+/**
+ * @brief 释放设备的 I2C 总线锁
+ */
+void i2c_free_dev(i2c_dev_t *dev)
+{
+ if (!dev || !dev->bus)
+ {
+ return;
+ }
+
+ /* 1. 释放总线锁，让其他外设可以竞争总线 */
+ i2c_unlock(dev->bus);
+}
+
+/**
+ * @brief Lock I2C bus for exclusive access (bare metal mutex)
+ * @param bus: pointer to I2C bus structure
+ * @retval I2C_OK if success, I2C_BUSY if bus is locked
+ */
+i2c_status_t i2c_lock(i2c_bus_t *bus)
+{
+ uint32_t timeout = 10000;
+
+ /* atomic_compare_exchange_weak 会原子性地检查 bus->lock 是否为 false。
+ * 如果是 false，就把它设置为 true，并返回 true；
+ * 如果已经是 true，则返回 false，进入循环等待。
+ */
+ while (timeout > 0)
+ {
+ _Bool expected = false;
+ if (atomic_compare_exchange_weak(&bus->lock, &expected, true))
+ {
+ return I2C_OK;
+ }
+ udelay(10);
+ timeout--;
+ }
+
+ return I2C_BUSY;
+}
+
+/**
+ * @brief Unlock I2C bus
+ * @param bus: pointer to I2C bus structure
+ * @retval None
+ */
+void i2c_unlock(i2c_bus_t *bus)
+{
+ atomic_store(&bus->lock, false);
+}
+
+/**
+ * @brief Scan I2C bus for connected devices
+ * @param bus: pointer to I2C bus structure
+ * @retval none
+ */
+void i2c_scan(i2c_bus_t *bus)
+{
+ uint8_t addr;
+ int found = 0;
+
+ if (i2c_lock(bus) != I2C_OK) {
+ printf("I2C bus lock failed!\r\n");
+ return;
+ }
+
+ printf("Scanning I2C bus...\r\n");
+
+ /*10-bit 地址前缀保留区（0x70 ~ 0x77）*/
+ for (addr = 0x03; addr < 0x70; addr++) {
+ i2c_start(bus);
+ i2c_write_byte(bus, (addr << 1) | 0x01); // read mode
+
+ if (i2c_wait_ack(bus) == I2C_ACK) {
+ printf("Found device at 0x%02X\r\n", addr);
+ found = 1;
+ }
+
+ i2c_stop(bus);
+ udelay(100);
+ }
+
+ i2c_unlock(bus);
+
+ if (!found) {
+ printf("No I2C devices found.\r\n");
+ }
+}
+
+
+/*
+ *+---------------------------------+
+ *| I2C timing sequence function |
+ *+---------------------------------+
+ */
+
+/**
+ * @brief Generate I2C start condition
+ * @param bus: pointer to I2C bus structure
+ * @retval None
+ */
+void i2c_start(i2c_bus_t *bus)
+{
+ /* Start Condition Timing Sequence:
+ ______
+ SCL: |___
+ _____
+ SDA: |_____
+ */
+
+ /* 无论前序是空闲还是刚结束 ACK，先确保 SCL 为低时 SDA 释放为高 */
+ i2c_sda_set(bus, HIGH);
+ i2c_scl_set(bus, LOW);
+ udelay(I2C_DELAY_US);
+
+ /* 此时拉高 SCL，SDA 必然处于稳定的高电平 */
+ i2c_scl_set(bus, HIGH);
+ i2c_sda_set(bus, HIGH);
+ udelay(I2C_DELAY_US);
+
+ /* 在 SCL 为高期间拉低 SDA，制造标准的 START / RESTART 沿 */
+ i2c_sda_set(bus, LOW);
+ udelay(I2C_DELAY_US);
+
+ i2c_scl_set(bus, LOW);
+ udelay(I2C_DELAY_US);
+}
+
+/**
+ * @brief Generate I2C stop condition
+ * @param bus: pointer to I2C bus structure
+ * @retval None
+ */
+void i2c_stop(i2c_bus_t *bus)
+{
+ /* SCL Stop Condition Timing Sequence:
+ _______
+ SCL: ___|
+ _____
+ SDA: _____|
+ */
+
+ i2c_scl_set(bus, LOW);
+ i2c_sda_set(bus, LOW);
+ udelay(I2C_DELAY_US);
+
+ i2c_scl_set(bus, HIGH);
+ udelay(I2C_DELAY_US);
+
+ i2c_sda_set(bus, HIGH);
+ udelay(I2C_DELAY_US);
+}
+
+/**
+ * @brief Wait for ACK from slave
+ * @param bus: pointer to I2C bus structure
+ * @retval I2C_ACK or I2C_NACK
+ */
+i2c_ack_t i2c_wait_ack(i2c_bus_t *bus)
+{
+ uint16_t timeout = 0;
+
+ i2c_sda_set(bus, HIGH); /* 释放SDA线允许从机控制 */
+ udelay(I2C_DELAY_US);
+
+ i2c_scl_set(bus, HIGH);
+ udelay(I2C_DELAY_US); /* 确保SCL高电平波形稳定 */
+
+ while (i2c_sda_read(bus))
+ {
+ timeout++;
+ if (timeout > I2C_TIMEOUT_COUNT)
+ {
+ break; /* 超时退出，返回NACK */
+ }
+ }
+
+ i2c_scl_set(bus, LOW);
+ udelay(I2C_DELAY_US);
+
+ return (timeout > I2C_TIMEOUT_COUNT) ? I2C_NACK : I2C_ACK;
+}
+
+/**
+ * @brief Send ACK to slave
+ * @param bus: pointer to I2C bus structure
+ * @retval None
+ */
+void i2c_send_ack(i2c_bus_t *bus)
+{
+ i2c_scl_set(bus, LOW);
+ i2c_sda_set(bus, LOW);
+ udelay(I2C_DELAY_US);
+
+ i2c_scl_set(bus, HIGH);
+ udelay(I2C_DELAY_US);
+
+ i2c_scl_set(bus, LOW);
+ udelay(I2C_DELAY_US);
+}
+
+/**
+ * @brief Send NACK to slave
+ * @param bus: pointer to I2C bus structure
+ * @retval None
+ */
+void i2c_send_nack(i2c_bus_t *bus)
+{
+ i2c_scl_set(bus, LOW);
+ i2c_sda_set(bus, HIGH);
+ udelay(I2C_DELAY_US);
+
+ i2c_scl_set(bus, HIGH);
+ udelay(I2C_DELAY_US);
+
+ i2c_scl_set(bus, LOW);
+ udelay(I2C_DELAY_US);
+}
+
+/**
+ * @brief Write one byte to I2C bus
+ * @param bus: pointer to I2C bus structure
+ * @param byte: byte to write
+ * @retval None
+ */
+void i2c_write_byte(i2c_bus_t *bus, uint8_t byte)
+{
+ uint8_t i;
+
+ i2c_scl_set(bus, LOW);
+
+ for (i = 0; i < 8; i++)
+ {
+ i2c_sda_set(bus, (byte & 0x80) ? HIGH : LOW);
+ udelay(I2C_DELAY_US); /* 数据建立时间 Setup Time */
+
+ i2c_scl_set(bus, HIGH);
+ udelay(I2C_DELAY_US); /* 保持高电平采样 */
+
+ i2c_scl_set(bus, LOW);
+ udelay(I2C_DELAY_US); /* 确保时钟低电平持续时间 */
+
+ byte <<= 1;
+ }
+}
+
+/**
+ * @brief Read one byte from I2C bus
+ * @param bus: pointer to I2C bus structure
+ * @retval received byte
+ */
+uint8_t i2c_read_byte(i2c_bus_t *bus)
+{
+ uint8_t i;
+ uint8_t byte = 0;
+
+ i2c_sda_set(bus, HIGH);
+ udelay(I2C_DELAY_US);
+
+ for (i = 0; i < 8; i++)
+ {
+ byte <<= 1;
+
+ i2c_scl_set(bus, HIGH);
+ udelay(I2C_DELAY_US); /* 延时确保 SCL 电平平稳后采样 */
+
+ if (i2c_sda_read(bus))
+ {
+ byte |= 0x01;
+ }
+
+ i2c_scl_set(bus, LOW);
+ udelay(I2C_DELAY_US); /* 确保时钟低电平持续时间 */
+ }
+
+ return byte;
+}
+
+
+/*
+ *+-----------------------------------+
+ *| I2C read/write function |
+ *+-----------------------------------+
+ */
+
+/**
+ * @brief Write data to I2C slave device
+ * @param bus: pointer to I2C bus structure
+ * @param addr: 7-bit slave address
+ * @param reg: register address
+ * @param data: pointer to data buffer
+ * @param len: data length
+ * @retval I2C status
+ */
+i2c_status_t i2c_write(i2c_bus_t *bus, uint8_t addr, uint8_t reg, uint8_t *data, uint16_t len)
+{
+ uint16_t i;
+ int rv = I2C_OK;
+
+ i2c_start(bus);
+
+ /* Send slave address + write bit */
+ i2c_write_byte(bus, (addr << 1) | 0x00);
+ if (i2c_wait_ack(bus) != I2C_ACK)
+ {
+ rv = I2C_ERROR;
+ goto cleanup;
+ }
+
+ /* Send register address */
+ i2c_write_byte(bus, reg);
+ if (i2c_wait_ack(bus) != I2C_ACK)
+ {
+ rv = I2C_ERROR;
+ goto cleanup;
+ }
+
+ /* Send data */
+ for (i = 0; i < len; i++)
+ {
+ i2c_write_byte(bus, data[i]);
+ if (i2c_wait_ack(bus) != I2C_ACK)
+ {
+ rv = I2C_ERROR;
+ goto cleanup;
+ }
+ }
+
+cleanup:
+ i2c_stop(bus);
+ return rv;
+}
+
+/**
+ * @brief Read data from I2C slave device
+ * @param bus: pointer to I2C bus structure
+ * @param addr: 7-bit slave address
+ * @param reg: register address
+ * @param data: pointer to data buffer
+ * @param len: data length
+ * @retval I2C status
+ */
+i2c_status_t i2c_read(i2c_bus_t *bus, uint8_t addr, uint8_t reg, uint8_t *data, uint16_t len)
+{
+ uint16_t i;
+ int rv = I2C_OK;
+
+ /* Write register address */
+ i2c_start(bus);
+ i2c_write_byte(bus, (addr << 1) | 0x00);
+ if (i2c_wait_ack(bus) != I2C_ACK)
+ {
+ rv = I2C_ERROR;
+ goto cleanup;
+ }
+
+ i2c_write_byte(bus, reg);
+ if (i2c_wait_ack(bus) != I2C_ACK)
+ {
+ rv = I2C_ERROR;
+ goto cleanup;
+ }
+
+ /* Restart and read data */
+ i2c_start(bus);
+ i2c_write_byte(bus, (addr << 1) | 0x01);
+ if (i2c_wait_ack(bus) != I2C_ACK)
+ {
+ rv = I2C_ERROR;
+ goto cleanup;
+ }
+
+ for (i = 0; i < len; i++)
+ {
+ data[i] = i2c_read_byte(bus);
+
+ if (i < len - 1)
+ {
+ i2c_send_ack(bus);
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ i2c_send_nack(bus);
+ }
+ }
+
+cleanup:
+ i2c_stop(bus);
+ return rv;
+}
+
+/**
+ * @brief Write data to I2C slave device without register address
+ * @param bus: pointer to I2C bus structure
+ * @param addr: 7-bit slave address
+ * @param data: pointer to data buffer
+ * @param len: data length
+ * @retval I2C status
+ */
+i2c_status_t i2c_write_no_reg(i2c_bus_t *bus, uint8_t addr, uint8_t *data, uint16_t len)
+{
+ uint16_t i;
+ int rv = I2C_OK;
+
+ i2c_start(bus);
+
+ /* Send slave address + write bit */
+ i2c_write_byte(bus, (addr << 1) | 0x00);
+ if (i2c_wait_ack(bus) != I2C_ACK)
+ {
+ rv = I2C_ERROR;
+ goto cleanup;
+ }
+
+ /* Send data */
+ for (i = 0; i < len; i++)
+ {
+ i2c_write_byte(bus, data[i]);
+ if (i2c_wait_ack(bus) != I2C_ACK)
+ {
+ rv = I2C_ERROR;
+ goto cleanup;
+ }
+ }
+
+cleanup:
+ i2c_stop(bus);
+ return rv;
+}
+
+/**
+ * @brief Read data from I2C slave device without register address
+ * @param bus: pointer to I2C bus structure
+ * @param addr: 7-bit slave address
+ * @param data: pointer to data buffer
+ * @param len: data length
+ * @retval I2C status
+ */
+i2c_status_t i2c_read_no_reg(i2c_bus_t *bus, uint8_t addr, uint8_t *data, uint16_t len)
+{
+ uint16_t i;
+ int rv = I2C_OK;
+
+ i2c_start(bus);
+
+ /* Send slave address + read bit */
+ i2c_write_byte(bus, (addr << 1) | 0x01);
+ if (i2c_wait_ack(bus) != I2C_ACK)
+ {
+ rv = I2C_ERROR;
+ goto cleanup;
+ }
+
+ /* Read data */
+ for (i = 0; i < len; i++)
+ {
+ data[i] = i2c_read_byte(bus);
+
+ if (i < len - 1)
+ {
+ i2c_send_ack(bus);
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ i2c_send_nack(bus);
+ }
+ }
+
+cleanup:
+ i2c_stop(bus);
+ return rv;
+}
+
+
+/*
+ *+-----------------------------------+
+ *| Linux I2C API–compatible function |
+ *+-----------------------------------+
+ */
+
+ /* Functions compatible with the Linux I2C adapter API */
+i2c_status_t i2c_transfer(i2c_bus_t *bus, i2c_msg_t *msgs, int num)
+{
+ i2c_status_t status = I2C_OK;
+ int i, j;
+
+ for (i = 0; i < num; i++)
+ {
+ i2c_msg_t *msg = &msgs[i];
+
+ /* 1. 每条消息都以 Start (或 Repeated Start) 开始 */
+ i2c_start(bus);
+
+ /* 2. 发送从机地址 + 读写位 */
+ uint8_t dir = (msg->flags & I2C_M_RD) ? 0x01 : 0x00;
+ i2c_write_byte(bus, (msg->addr << 1) | dir);
+ if (i2c_wait_ack(bus) != I2C_ACK)
+ {
+ status = I2C_ERROR;
+ goto cleanup;
+ }
+
+ /* 3. 根据读写标志传输主体数据 */
+ if (msg->flags & I2C_M_RD)
+ {
+ /* 读模式 */
+ for (j = 0; j < msg->len; j++)
+ {
+ msg->buf[j] = i2c_read_byte(bus);
+ /* 只要不是当前消息的最后一个字节，就回复 ACK */
+ if (j < msg->len - 1)
+ i2c_send_ack(bus);
+ else
+ i2c_send_nack(bus);
+ }
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ /* 写模式 */
+ for (j = 0; j < msg->len; j++)
+ {
+ i2c_write_byte(bus, msg->buf[j]);
+ if (i2c_wait_ack(bus) != I2C_ACK)
+ {
+ status = I2C_ERROR;
+ goto cleanup;
+ }
+ }
+ }
+ }
+
+cleanup:
+ /* 4. 只有当所有消息都传输完毕，或者中途出错时，才发送 Stop 释放总线 */
+ i2c_stop(bus);
+
+ return status;
+}
diff --git a/ex2.i2c-bitbang/Board/i2c_bitbang.h b/ex2.i2c-bitbang/Board/i2c_bitbang.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9a3dc0b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ex2.i2c-bitbang/Board/i2c_bitbang.h
@@ -0,0 +1,269 @@
+/**********************************************************************
+ * Copyright: (C)2024 LingYun IoT System Studio
+ * Author: GuoWenxue<guowenxue@gmail.com>
+ *
+ * Description: The purpose of this code is to provide a simple C library,
+ * which providing software bit-bang of the I2C protocol on
+ * any GPIO pins for ISKBoard.
+ *
+ * ChangeLog:
+ * Version Date Author Description
+ * V1.0.0 2024.08.29 GuoWenxue Release initial version
+ *
+ ***********************************************************************/
+
+#ifndef __I2C_BITBANG_H
+#define __I2C_BITBANG_H
+
+#include "stm32l4xx_hal.h"
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <stdatomic.h>
+
+#define I2C_DELAY_US 5 /* I2C timing delay in microseconds */
+#define I2C_TIMEOUT_COUNT 100 /* Timeout counter for waiting ACK */
+
+/* GPIO port for I2C typedef */
+typedef struct i2c_gpio_s
+{
+ GPIO_TypeDef *group; /* GPIO group */
+ uint16_t pin; /* GPIO pin */
+} i2c_gpio_t;
+
+/* I2C bus typedef */
+typedef struct i2c_bus_s
+{
+ volatile atomic_bool lock; /* Bus lock flag */
+ uint8_t addr; /* 7-bits slave address */
+ i2c_gpio_t scl; /* SCL GPIO pin */
+ i2c_gpio_t sda; /* SDA GPIO pin */
+} i2c_bus_t;
+
+/* GPIO level enum */
+enum
+{
+ LOW = 0,
+ HIGH = 1,
+};
+
+/* I2C ACK/NACK enum */
+typedef enum
+{
+ I2C_ACK = 0,
+ I2C_NACK = 1
+} i2c_ack_t;
+
+/* I2C status enum */
+typedef enum
+{
+ I2C_OK = 0,
+ I2C_ERROR = 1,
+ I2C_TIMEOUT = 2,
+ I2C_BUSY = 3
+} i2c_status_t;
+
+/*
+ *+---------------------------------+
+ *| I2C bus control function |
+ *+---------------------------------+
+ */
+
+/* I2C1 bus instance for SHT20, RTC, OLED on board */
+extern i2c_bus_t i2c1_bus;
+
+/* I2C2 bus instance on MikroBUS */
+extern i2c_bus_t i2c2_bus;
+
+/**
+ * @brief Initialize I2C GPIO pins
+ * @param bus: pointer to I2C bus structure
+ * @retval None
+ */
+extern void i2c_init(i2c_bus_t *bus);
+
+/**
+ * @brief Deinitialize I2C GPIO pins
+ * @param bus: pointer to I2C bus structure
+ * @retval None
+ */
+extern void i2c_deinit(i2c_bus_t *bus);
+
+/**
+ * @brief 通用 I2C 设备属性结构体
+ */
+typedef struct {
+ i2c_bus_t *bus; /* 绑定的 I2C 物理总线实例 */
+ uint8_t dev_addr; /* 7位设备物理从机地址 */
+} i2c_dev_t;
+
+/**
+ * @brief 绑定设备及地址到 I2C 总线上
+ * @param dev: I2C 设备结构体指针
+ * @param bus: 物理总线指针
+ * @param dev_addr: 7位从机地址
+ * @retval 0: 成功; -1: 失败
+ */
+extern int i2c_bind_dev(i2c_dev_t *dev, i2c_bus_t *bus, uint8_t dev_addr);
+
+
+/**
+ * @brief 将I2C总线加锁让设备独占总线
+ * @param dev: I2C 设备结构体指针
+ * @retval 0: 成功; -1: 失败
+ */
+extern int i2c_lock_dev(i2c_dev_t *dev);
+
+/**
+ * @brief 释放设备的 I2C 总线锁
+ * @param dev: I2C 设备结构体指针
+ * @retval 无
+ */
+extern void i2c_free_dev(i2c_dev_t *dev);
+
+/**
+ * @brief Lock I2C bus for exclusive access (bare metal mutex)
+ * @param bus: pointer to I2C bus structure
+ * @retval I2C_OK if success, I2C_BUSY if bus is locked
+ */
+extern i2c_status_t i2c_lock(i2c_bus_t *bus);
+
+/**
+ * @brief Unlock I2C bus
+ * @param bus: pointer to I2C bus structure
+ * @retval None
+ */
+extern void i2c_unlock(i2c_bus_t *bus);
+
+/**
+ * @brief Scan I2C bus for connected devices
+ * @param bus: pointer to I2C bus structure
+ * @retval none
+ */
+extern void i2c_scan(i2c_bus_t *bus);
+
+
+/*
+ *+---------------------------------+
+ *| I2C timing sequence function |
+ *+---------------------------------+
+ */
+
+ /**
+ * @brief Generate I2C start condition
+ * @param bus: pointer to I2C bus structure
+ * @retval None
+ */
+ extern void i2c_start(i2c_bus_t *bus);
+
+/**
+ * @brief Generate I2C stop condition
+ * @param bus: pointer to I2C bus structure
+ * @retval None
+ */
+ extern void i2c_stop(i2c_bus_t *bus);
+
+ /**
+ * @brief Wait for ACK from slave
+ * @param bus: pointer to I2C bus structure
+ * @retval I2C_ACK or I2C_NACK
+ */
+extern i2c_ack_t i2c_wait_ack(i2c_bus_t *bus);
+
+/**
+ * @brief Send ACK to slave
+ * @param bus: pointer to I2C bus structure
+ * @retval None
+ */
+extern void i2c_send_ack(i2c_bus_t *bus);
+
+/**
+ * @brief Send NACK to slave
+ * @param bus: pointer to I2C bus structure
+ * @retval None
+ */
+extern void i2c_send_nack(i2c_bus_t *bus);
+
+/**
+ * @brief Write one byte to I2C bus
+ * @param bus: pointer to I2C bus structure
+ * @param byte: byte to write
+ * @retval None
+ */
+extern void i2c_write_byte(i2c_bus_t *bus, uint8_t byte);
+
+/**
+ * @brief Read one byte from I2C bus
+ * @param bus: pointer to I2C bus structure
+ * @retval received byte
+ */
+extern uint8_t i2c_read_byte(i2c_bus_t *bus);
+
+
+/*
+ *+-----------------------------------+
+ *| I2C read/write function |
+ *+-----------------------------------+
+ */
+
+/**
+ * @brief Write data to I2C slave device
+ * @param bus: pointer to I2C bus structure
+ * @param addr: 7-bit slave address
+ * @param reg: register address
+ * @param data: pointer to data buffer
+ * @param len: data length
+ * @retval I2C status
+ */
+extern i2c_status_t i2c_write(i2c_bus_t *bus, uint8_t addr, uint8_t reg, uint8_t *data, uint16_t len);
+
+/**
+ * @brief Read data from I2C slave device
+ * @param bus: pointer to I2C bus structure
+ * @param addr: 7-bit slave address
+ * @param reg: register address
+ * @param data: pointer to data buffer
+ * @param len: data length
+ * @retval I2C status
+ */
+extern i2c_status_t i2c_read(i2c_bus_t *bus, uint8_t addr, uint8_t reg, uint8_t *data, uint16_t len);
+
+/**
+ * @brief Write data to I2C slave device without register address
+ * @param bus: pointer to I2C bus structure
+ * @param addr: 7-bit slave address
+ * @param data: pointer to data buffer
+ * @param len: data length
+ * @retval I2C status
+ */
+extern i2c_status_t i2c_write_no_reg(i2c_bus_t *bus, uint8_t addr, uint8_t *data, uint16_t len);
+
+/**
+ * @brief Read data from I2C slave device without register address
+ * @param bus: pointer to I2C bus structure
+ * @param addr: 7-bit slave address
+ * @param data: pointer to data buffer
+ * @param len: data length
+ * @retval I2C status
+ */
+extern i2c_status_t i2c_read_no_reg(i2c_bus_t *bus, uint8_t addr, uint8_t *data, uint16_t len);
+
+
+/*
+ *+-----------------------------------+
+ *| Linux I2C API–compatible function |
+ *+-----------------------------------+
+ */
+
+#define I2C_M_WR 0x0000 /* 写控制标志 */
+#define I2C_M_RD 0x0001 /* 读控制标志 */
+
+typedef struct {
+ uint8_t addr; /* 7位从机地址 */
+ uint16_t flags; /* I2C_M_WR 或 I2C_M_RD */
+ uint16_t len; /* 数据长度 */
+ uint8_t *buf; /* 数据指针 */
+} i2c_msg_t;
+
+/* Functions compatible with the Linux I2C adapter API */
+extern i2c_status_t i2c_transfer(i2c_bus_t *bus, i2c_msg_t *msgs, int num);
+
+#endif /* __I2C_BITBANG_H */
diff --git a/ex2.i2c-bitbang/Board/isl1208.c b/ex2.i2c-bitbang/Board/isl1208.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d9dcd5d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ex2.i2c-bitbang/Board/isl1208.c
@@ -0,0 +1,367 @@
+/**********************************************************************
+ * Copyright: (C)2026 LingYun IoT System Studio
+ * Author: GuoWenxue<guowenxue@gmail.com>
+ *
+ * Description: ISL1208 RTC driver on ISKBoard (Unlocked Core Pattern)
+ *
+ * ChangeLog:
+ * Version Date Author Description
+ * V1.1.0 2026.07.08 GuoWenxue Refactor with unlocked core functions
+ *
+ ***********************************************************************/
+
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include "isl1208.h"
+
+/* 隐藏在私有源文件内部的 ISL1208 寄存器映射与参数 */
+#define ISL1208_I2C_ADDR 0x6F
+
+#define ISL1208_REG_SC 0x00 /* 秒 (00-59) */
+#define ISL1208_REG_MN 0x01 /* 分 (00-59) */
+#define ISL1208_REG_HR 0x02 /* 时 (24小时模式) */
+#define ISL1208_REG_DT 0x03 /* 日 (01-31) */
+#define ISL1208_REG_MO 0x04 /* 月 (01-12) */
+#define ISL1208_REG_YR 0x05 /* 年 (00-99) */
+#define ISL1208_REG_DW 0x06 /* 星期 (00-06) */
+
+#define ISL1208_REG_SR 0x07 /* 状态寄存器 */
+#define ISL1208_SR_RTCF 0x80 /* 掉电/晶振失效标志位 */
+#define ISL1208_SR_WRTC 0x10 /* 写使能位 */
+
+/* 前置私有静态辅助函数声明 (无锁底层业务函数) */
+static int __isl1208_set_time_unlocked(const rtc_time_t *time);
+static int __isl1208_get_time_unlocked(rtc_time_t *time);
+
+/*
+ *+---------------------------------+
+ *| RTC 公共接口函数(带锁) |
+ *+---------------------------------+
+ */
+
+/* I2C 设备 RTC */
+static i2c_dev_t rtc;
+
+/**
+ * @brief ISL1208 硬件初始化与掉电自愈函数
+ * @note 只有检测到掉电(RTCF=1)或停振(ST=1)时，才强制清理控制位并激活时钟，平时不干扰原有走时
+ * @param bus: 绑定的 I2C 物理总线指针 (如 &i2c1_bus)
+ * @retval 0: 初始化成功; -1: 总线通信失败或芯片未响应
+ */
+int isl1208_init(i2c_bus_t *bus)
+{
+ uint8_t sr_val;
+ uint8_t sc_val;
+ int rv = -1;
+
+ if (!bus)
+ return -1;
+
+ /* 绑定设备及其设备号到 I2C 总线上 */
+ i2c_bind_dev(&rtc, bus, ISL1208_I2C_ADDR);
+
+ /* 将I2C总线加锁让设备独占总线 */
+ i2c_lock_dev(&rtc);
+
+ /* 读取当前状态寄存器 (检查 RTCF) */
+ if (i2c_read(rtc.bus, rtc.dev_addr, ISL1208_REG_SR, &sr_val, 1) != I2C_OK)
+ {
+ goto cleanup;
+ }
+
+ /* 读取当前秒寄存器 (检查 ST) */
+ if (i2c_read(rtc.bus, rtc.dev_addr, ISL1208_REG_SC, &sc_val, 1) != I2C_OK)
+ {
+ goto cleanup;
+ }
+
+ /* 条件触发：只要 SBIB 位为 1 证明是断电冷启动，必须强制清除解冻 */
+ if (sr_val & 0x01)
+ {
+ printf("ISL1208 Power-Loss or Stop detected! Activating oscillator...\r\n");
+
+ /* 强开写保护 (WRTC=1)，并抹除 SBIB 冻结位 */
+ sr_val = ISL1208_SR_WRTC;
+ if (i2c_write(rtc.bus, rtc.dev_addr, ISL1208_REG_SR, &sr_val, 1) != I2C_OK)
+ {
+ goto cleanup;
+ }
+
+ /* 写入完整的 2026-01-01 00:00:00 (星期四) 基准时间 */
+ uint8_t init_buf[7];
+ init_buf[0] = 0x00; /* 00秒，同时最高位 ST=0 激活晶振起振 */
+ init_buf[1] = 0x00; /* 00分 */
+ init_buf[2] = 0x80; /* 00时，Bit7=1 代表开启 24 小时制 */
+ init_buf[3] = 0x01; /* 01日 (BCD: 0x01) */
+ init_buf[4] = 0x01; /* 01月 (BCD: 0x01) */
+ init_buf[5] = 0x26; /* 26年 (BCD: 0x26 代表 2026年) */
+ init_buf[6] = 0x04; /* 星期四 (BCD: 0x04) */
+
+ /* 写入 7 个时间寄存器 */
+ if (i2c_write(rtc.bus, rtc.dev_addr, ISL1208_REG_SC, init_buf, 7) != I2C_OK)
+ {
+ goto cleanup;
+ }
+
+ /* 强制将秒寄存器的最高位 ST (Stop) 清零以激活晶振 */
+ sc_val &= 0x7F;
+ if (i2c_write(rtc.bus, rtc.dev_addr, ISL1208_REG_SC, &sc_val, 1) != I2C_OK)
+ {
+ goto cleanup;
+ }
+
+ /* 关闭写保护，并将状态寄存器洗干净 (SBIB 清零) */
+ sr_val = 0x00;
+ if (i2c_write(rtc.bus, rtc.dev_addr, ISL1208_REG_SR, &sr_val, 1) != I2C_OK)
+ {
+ goto cleanup;
+ }
+ }
+
+ rv = 0;
+
+cleanup:
+ i2c_free_dev(&rtc);
+ return rv;
+}
+
+/**
+ * @brief 应用层设置 RTC 时间接口函数（rtc_time_t格式）
+ * @param time 指向待写入时间数据的 rtc_time_t 结构体常指针
+ * @retval 0:成功, -1:失败
+ */
+int isl1208_set_time(const rtc_time_t *time)
+{
+ int rv = -1;
+
+ if (!rtc.bus || !time)
+ {
+ return -1;
+ }
+
+ i2c_lock_dev(&rtc);
+
+ /* 调用无锁底层核心实现写操作 */
+ rv = __isl1208_set_time_unlocked(time);
+
+ i2c_free_dev(&rtc);
+
+ return rv;
+}
+
+/**
+ * @brief 应用层设置 RTC 时间接口函数（字符串格式）
+ * @param time_str 输入的时间字符串指针，格式如 "2026-01-01 10:00:00"
+ * @retval 0:成功, -1:失败
+ */
+int isl1208_set_time_str(const char *time_str)
+{
+ rtc_time_t tm;
+ int year, month, day, hour, minute, second;
+
+ if (!time_str)
+ {
+ return -1;
+ }
+
+ /* 1. 解析时间字符串 */
+ if (sscanf(time_str, "%d-%d-%d %d:%d:%d",
+ &year, &month, &day, &hour, &minute, &second) != 6)
+ {
+ return -1;
+ }
+
+ /* 2. 填充结构体（年份仅保留低两位） */
+ tm.year = year % 100;
+ tm.month = month;
+ tm.day = day;
+ tm.hour = hour;
+ tm.minute = minute;
+ tm.second = second;
+ tm.weekday = 0;
+
+ /* 3. 直接调用带锁的原本接口 */
+ return isl1208_set_time(&tm);
+}
+
+/**
+ * @brief 应用层获取 RTC 时间接口函数
+ * @param time 指向用于接收时间数据的 rtc_time_t 结构体指针
+ * @retval 0:成功, -1:失败
+ */
+int isl1208_get_time(rtc_time_t *time)
+{
+ int rv = -1;
+
+ if (!rtc.bus || !time)
+ {
+ return -1;
+ }
+
+ i2c_lock_dev(&rtc);
+
+ /* 调用无锁底层核心实现读操作 */
+ rv = __isl1208_get_time_unlocked(time);
+
+ i2c_free_dev(&rtc);
+ return rv;
+}
+
+/**
+ * @brief 应用层获取 RTC 时间接口函数（字符串格式）
+ * @param buf 用于存储格式化时间字符串的缓冲区指针
+ * @param buf_len 接收缓冲区长度（建议至少20字节）
+ * @retval 0:成功, -1:失败
+ */
+int isl1208_get_time_str(char *buf, size_t buf_len)
+{
+ rtc_time_t tm;
+ int rv = -1;
+
+ if (!buf || buf_len < 20)
+ {
+ return -1;
+ }
+
+ /* 直接调用带锁的原本接口获取时间结构体 */
+ rv = isl1208_get_time(&tm);
+ if (rv != 0)
+ {
+ return rv;
+ }
+
+ /* 格式化为字符串输出 */
+ snprintf(buf, buf_len, "20%02d-%02d-%02d %02d:%02d:%02d",
+ tm.year, tm.month, tm.day,
+ tm.hour, tm.minute, tm.second);
+
+ return 0;
+}
+
+/**
+ * @brief 获取并格式化打印当前 RTC 时间接口函数
+ * @param bus 指向已初始化的 I2C 总线结构体指针
+ * @retval 0:成功, -1:失败
+ */
+int isl1208_print_time(void)
+{
+ char time_str[32];
+
+ /* 直接调用刚刚封装好的获取字符串接口 */
+ if (isl1208_get_time_str(time_str, sizeof(time_str)) != 0)
+ {
+ return -1;
+ }
+
+ /* 格式化输出 */
+ printf("ISL1208 Time: %s\r\n", time_str);
+ return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ *+---------------------------------+
+ *| RTC 私有底层函数(无锁) |
+ *+---------------------------------+
+ */
+
+/**
+ * @brief 十进制转 BCD 码
+ */
+static inline uint8_t rtc_dec_to_bcd(uint8_t dec)
+{
+ uint8_t high;
+ uint8_t low;
+
+ high = dec / 10;
+ low = dec % 10;
+
+ return (uint8_t)((high << 4) | low);
+}
+
+/**
+ * @brief BCD 码转十进制
+ */
+static inline uint8_t rtc_bcd_to_dec(uint8_t bcd)
+{
+ uint8_t high;
+ uint8_t low;
+
+ high = bcd >> 4;
+ low = bcd & 0x0F;
+
+ return (uint8_t)((high * 10) + low);
+}
+
+/**
+ * @brief 向 RTC 芯片写入时间
+ */
+static int __isl1208_set_time_unlocked(const rtc_time_t *time)
+{
+ uint8_t time_buf[7];
+ uint8_t sr_val;
+
+ if( !rtc.bus )
+ return -1;
+
+ /* 读取当前状态寄存器 */
+ if (i2c_read(rtc.bus, ISL1208_I2C_ADDR, ISL1208_REG_SR, &sr_val, 1) != I2C_OK)
+ {
+ return -1;
+ }
+
+ /* 解除 RTC 写保护 (WRTC 置 1) */
+ sr_val |= ISL1208_SR_WRTC;
+ if (i2c_write(rtc.bus, ISL1208_I2C_ADDR, ISL1208_REG_SR, &sr_val, 1) != I2C_OK)
+ {
+ return -1;
+ }
+
+ /* 将标准十进制转换为 BCD 码并打包 */
+ time_buf[0] = rtc_dec_to_bcd(time->second);
+ time_buf[1] = rtc_dec_to_bcd(time->minute);
+ time_buf[2] = (rtc_dec_to_bcd(time->hour) & 0x3F) | 0x80;
+ time_buf[3] = rtc_dec_to_bcd(time->day);
+ time_buf[4] = rtc_dec_to_bcd(time->month);
+ time_buf[5] = rtc_dec_to_bcd(time->year);
+ time_buf[6] = rtc_dec_to_bcd(time->weekday);
+
+ /* 写入 7 个时间寄存器 */
+ if (i2c_write(rtc.bus, ISL1208_I2C_ADDR, ISL1208_REG_SC, time_buf, 7) != I2C_OK)
+ {
+ return -1;
+ }
+
+ /* 恢复写保护并同时清除掉电失效位 (WRTC = 0, RTCF = 0) */
+ sr_val &= ~ISL1208_SR_WRTC;
+ sr_val &= ~ISL1208_SR_RTCF;
+ if (i2c_write(rtc.bus, ISL1208_I2C_ADDR, ISL1208_REG_SR, &sr_val, 1) != I2C_OK)
+ {
+ return -1;
+ }
+
+ return 0;
+}
+
+/**
+ * @brief 从 RTC 芯片读取时间
+ */
+static int __isl1208_get_time_unlocked(rtc_time_t *time)
+{
+ uint8_t time_buf[7];
+
+ /* 连续读取 7 个寄存器的原始 BCD 数据 */
+ if (i2c_read(rtc.bus, ISL1208_I2C_ADDR, ISL1208_REG_SC, time_buf, 7) != I2C_OK)
+ {
+ return -1;
+ }
+
+ /* 解析 BCD 码并做去噪掩码隔离 */
+ time->second = rtc_bcd_to_dec(time_buf[0] & 0x7F);
+ time->minute = rtc_bcd_to_dec(time_buf[1] & 0x7F);
+ time->hour = rtc_bcd_to_dec(time_buf[2] & 0x3F);
+ time->day = rtc_bcd_to_dec(time_buf[3] & 0x3F);
+ time->month = rtc_bcd_to_dec(time_buf[4] & 0x1F);
+ time->year = rtc_bcd_to_dec(time_buf[5]);
+ time->weekday = rtc_bcd_to_dec(time_buf[6] & 0x07);
+
+ return 0;
+}
diff --git a/ex2.i2c-bitbang/Board/isl1208.h b/ex2.i2c-bitbang/Board/isl1208.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b9f8856
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ex2.i2c-bitbang/Board/isl1208.h
@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+/**********************************************************************
+ * Copyright: (C)2026 LingYun IoT System Studio
+ * Author: GuoWenxue<guowenxue@gmail.com>
+ *
+ * Description: ISL1208 RTC driver on ISKBoard
+ *
+ * ChangeLog:
+ * Version Date Author Description
+ * V1.0.0 2026.07.08 GuoWenxue Release initial version
+ *
+ ************************************************************************/
+
+#ifndef __ISL1208_H
+#define __ISL1208_H
+
+#include "i2c_bitbang.h"
+
+/**
+ * @brief RTC 时间结构体 (标准十进制格式，应用层直接读写)
+ */
+typedef struct {
+ uint8_t second; /* 秒: 00 - 59 */
+ uint8_t minute; /* 分: 00 - 59 */
+ uint8_t hour; /* 时: 00 - 23 (固定为24小时制) */
+ uint8_t day; /* 日: 01 - 31 */
+ uint8_t month; /* 月: 01 - 12 */
+ uint8_t year; /* 年: 00 - 99 (代表 2000 - 2099 年) */
+ uint8_t weekday; /* 星期: 00 - 06 (00代表星期天) */
+} rtc_time_t;
+
+/**
+ * @brief ISL1208 硬件初始化与掉电自愈函数
+ * @param bus: 绑定的 I2C 物理总线指针 (如 &i2c1_bus)
+ * @retval 0: 初始化成功; -1: 总线通信失败或芯片未响应
+ */
+extern int isl1208_init(i2c_bus_t *bus);
+
+/**
+ * @brief 应用层设置 RTC 时间接口函数（rtc_time_t格式）
+ * @param time 指向待写入时间数据的 rtc_time_t 结构体常指针
+ * @retval 0:成功, -1:失败
+ */
+extern int isl1208_set_time(const rtc_time_t *time);
+
+/**
+ * @brief 应用层设置 RTC 时间接口函数（字符串格式）
+ * @param time_str 输入的时间字符串指针，格式如 "2026-01-01 10:00:00"
+ * @retval 0:成功, -1:失败
+ */
+extern int isl1208_set_time_str(const char *time_str);
+
+/**
+ * @brief 应用层获取 RTC 时间接口函数
+ * @param time 指向用于接收时间数据的 rtc_time_t 结构体指针
+ * @retval 0:成功, -1:失败
+ */
+extern int isl1208_get_time(rtc_time_t *time);
+
+/**
+ * @brief 应用层获取 RTC 时间接口函数（字符串格式）
+ * @param buf 用于存储格式化时间字符串的缓冲区指针
+ * @param buf_len 接收缓冲区长度（建议至少20字节）
+ * @retval 0:成功, -1:失败
+ */
+extern int isl1208_get_time_str(char *buf, size_t buf_len);
+
+/**
+ * @brief 获取并格式化打印当前 RTC 时间接口函数
+ * @retval 0:成功, -1:失败
+ */
+extern int isl1208_print_time(void);
+
+#endif /* __ISL1208_H */
diff --git a/ex2.i2c-bitbang/Board/miscdev.c b/ex2.i2c-bitbang/Board/miscdev.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..98ceda3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ex2.i2c-bitbang/Board/miscdev.c
@@ -0,0 +1,409 @@
+/**********************************************************************
+* Copyright: (C)2024 LingYun IoT System Studio
+* Author: GuoWenxue<guowenxue@gmail.com>
+* Description: ISKBoard Hardware Abstract Layer driver
+*
+* ChangeLog:
+* Version Date Author Description
+* V1.0.0 2024.08.29 GuoWenxue Release initial version
+***********************************************************************/
+
+#include "miscdev.h"
+
+/*
+ *+----------------------+
+ *| STM32 GPIO API |
+ *+----------------------+
+ */
+
+void gpio_clk_enable(GPIO_TypeDef *port)
+{
+ if (port == GPIOA) __HAL_RCC_GPIOA_CLK_ENABLE();
+ else if (port == GPIOB) __HAL_RCC_GPIOB_CLK_ENABLE();
+ else if (port == GPIOC) __HAL_RCC_GPIOC_CLK_ENABLE();
+ else if (port == GPIOD) __HAL_RCC_GPIOD_CLK_ENABLE();
+#ifdef GPIOE
+ else if (port == GPIOE) __HAL_RCC_GPIOE_CLK_ENABLE();
+#endif
+#ifdef GPIOF
+ else if (port == GPIOF) __HAL_RCC_GPIOF_CLK_ENABLE();
+#endif
+#ifdef GPIOG
+ else if (port == GPIOG) __HAL_RCC_GPIOG_CLK_ENABLE();
+#endif
+#ifdef GPIOH
+ else if (port == GPIOH) __HAL_RCC_GPIOH_CLK_ENABLE();
+#endif
+}
+
+
+/*
+ *+----------------------+
+ *| GPIO Led/Relay API |
+ *+----------------------+
+ */
+
+/* ISKBoard 有一个继电器 */
+gpio_t relay = { "Relay", GPIOD, GPIO_PIN_2, 1 };
+
+/* ISKBoard 有三个Led灯 */
+gpio_t leds[LedMax] =
+{
+ { "RedLed", GPIOC, GPIO_PIN_9, 0 },
+ { "GreenLed", GPIOC, GPIO_PIN_6, 0 },
+ { "BlueLed", GPIOB, GPIO_PIN_2, 0 },
+};
+
+/**
+ * @brief 继电器初始化：配置继电器控制引脚对应的GPIO
+ */
+void init_relay(void)
+{
+ /* set default output level to inactive */
+ HAL_GPIO_WritePin(relay.group, relay.pin, !relay.active);
+
+ return;
+}
+
+/**
+ * @brief 控制继电器的开关状态
+ * @param status: ON 或 OFF
+ */
+void turn_relay(int status)
+{
+ GPIO_PinState level;
+
+ level = status==OFF ? !relay.active : relay.active;
+ HAL_GPIO_WritePin(relay.group, relay.pin, level);
+}
+
+/**
+ * @brief LED初始化：配置各LED对应的GPIO状态。
+ */
+void init_led(void)
+{
+ int which;
+
+ /* Initial all leds GPIO */
+ for(which=0; which<LedMax; which++)
+ {
+ /* set default output level to inactive */
+ HAL_GPIO_WritePin(leds[which].group, leds[which].pin, !leds[which].active);
+ }
+
+ return;
+}
+
+/**
+ * @brief 控制指定LED的开关状态
+ * @param which: LED编号(参考 lednum_t，如 Led_R/Led_G/Led_B)
+ * @param status: ON 或 OFF
+ */
+void turn_led(int which, int status)
+{
+ GPIO_PinState level;
+
+ if( which >= LedMax )
+ return ;
+
+ level = status==ON ? leds[which].active : !leds[which].active;
+ HAL_GPIO_WritePin(leds[which].group, leds[which].pin, level);
+}
+
+/**
+ * @brief 翻转指定LED当前状态(亮变灭，灭变亮)
+ * @param which: LED编号(参考 lednum_t)
+ */
+void toggle_led(int which)
+{
+ if( which >= LedMax )
+ return ;
+
+ HAL_GPIO_TogglePin(leds[which].group, leds[which].pin);
+}
+
+/**
+ * @brief 阻塞式闪烁指定LED一次(亮interval毫秒，灭interval毫秒)
+ * @param which: LED编号(参考 lednum_t)
+ * @param interval: 亮灭各自持续时间(ms)
+ */
+void blink_led(int which, uint32_t interval)
+{
+ turn_led(which, ON);
+ mdelay(interval);
+
+ turn_led(which, OFF);
+ mdelay(interval);
+}
+
+/**
+ * @brief 绿灯"滴-答"双闪心跳灯：每隔 interval 秒心跳一次。
+ * @param interval: 心跳总周期，单位：秒 (参数 > 1)。
+ */
+void heartbeat_led(uint32_t interval)
+{
+ /* 总周期 - (亮 + 灭 + 亮) = 停顿时长 */
+ uint32_t pause_time = (interval * 1000) - 300;
+ uint32_t hb_duration[4] = {60, 60, 180, pause_time};
+
+ static const uint8_t hb_status[4] = {ON, OFF, ON, OFF};
+
+ static uint8_t state = 0;
+ static uint32_t last_tick = 0;
+ static uint8_t first_run = 1;
+
+ uint32_t now = HAL_GetTick();
+
+ if (first_run)
+ {
+ turn_led(Led_G, hb_status[state]);
+ last_tick = now;
+ first_run = 0;
+ }
+
+ if (now - last_tick >= hb_duration[state])
+ {
+ state = (state + 1) % 4;
+ turn_led(Led_G, hb_status[state]);
+ last_tick = now;
+ }
+}
+
+/*
+ *+----------------------+
+ *| GPIO Key API |
+ *+----------------------+
+ */
+ /* 全局按键状态位图定义，初始为0(所有按键都未按下) */
+int g_keys_status = 0;
+
+/**
+ * @brief GPIO外部中断统一回调函数(HAL库弱函数重写)，
+ * 按键触发的EXTI中断都会进入这里，根据引脚号区分是哪个按键按下
+ * @param GPIO_Pin: 触发中断的引脚号(如 GPIO_PIN_12/13/14)
+ */
+void HAL_GPIO_EXTI_Callback(uint16_t GPIO_Pin)
+{
+ if( GPIO_PIN_12 == GPIO_Pin ) /* Key1 */
+ {
+ g_keys_status |= KEY1_PRESSED;
+ }
+ else if( GPIO_PIN_13 == GPIO_Pin ) /* Key2 */
+ {
+ g_keys_status |= KEY2_PRESSED;
+ }
+ else if( GPIO_PIN_14 == GPIO_Pin ) /* Key3 */
+ {
+ g_keys_status |= KEY3_PRESSED;
+ }
+}
+
+/*
+ *+----------------------+
+ *| printf API |
+ *+----------------------+
+ */
+
+/* gcc 编译器的 printf 将会调用 __io_putchar() 函数，实现最终的字符打印
+ * keil编译器的 printf 将会调用 fputc() 函数，实现最终的字符打印
+ * 这里我们定义一个宏 PUTCHAR_PROTOTYPE 来兼容两个编译器所需要的函数原型
+ *
+ * 注意：
+ * 1. Keil5 工程需要勾选：Options for Target -> Target -> Use MicroLIB
+ * 2. Keil5 的编译器 armclang(AC6) 会定义 __GNUC__ 宏，而旧版 armcc(AC5) 则不会
+ */
+#if defined(__ARMCC_VERSION) /* */
+#define PUTCHAR_PROTOTYPE int fputc(int ch, FILE *f)
+#elif defined(__GNUC__) /* GCC */
+#define PUTCHAR_PROTOTYPE int __io_putchar(int ch)
+#endif
+
+PUTCHAR_PROTOTYPE
+{
+ /* 调用STM32 HAL库的串口发送函数，将printf要打印的这个字符通过串口发送出去 */
+ HAL_UART_Transmit(&huart1, (uint8_t *)&ch, 1, 0xFFFF);
+ return ch;
+}
+
+/*
+ *+----------------------------+
+ *| ADC noisy & lux sensor API |
+ *+----------------------------+
+ */
+
+#include "adc.h"
+
+/**
+ * @brief 读取指定通道的ADC值
+ * @param channel: 通道号，例如 ADC_CHANNEL_15 / ADC_CHANNEL_16
+ * @param value: 读取结果输出指针
+ * @retval 0 成功, -1 失败
+ */
+int adc_read_channel(uint32_t channel, uint32_t *value)
+{
+ ADC_ChannelConfTypeDef sConfig = {0};
+ uint32_t timeout = 0xffffff;
+
+ /* 咪头（麦克风）输出的是交流信号，叠加在某个直流偏置上。 当声音信号处于波形过零点附近时，
+ * 2.5 个采样周期极短，ADC 输入阻抗在如此短的时间内无法对麦克风输出的高阻信号完成充电，
+ * 信号还没稳定就完成了采样，所以这里修改采样时间为 247.5 Cycles。 */
+ sConfig.Channel = channel;
+ sConfig.Rank = ADC_REGULAR_RANK_1;
+ sConfig.SamplingTime = ADC_SAMPLETIME_247CYCLES_5;
+ sConfig.SingleDiff = ADC_SINGLE_ENDED;
+ sConfig.OffsetNumber = ADC_OFFSET_NONE;
+ sConfig.Offset = 0;
+
+ if (HAL_ADC_ConfigChannel(&hadc1, &sConfig) != HAL_OK)
+ {
+ return -1;
+ }
+
+ HAL_ADC_Start(&hadc1);
+
+ if (HAL_ADC_PollForConversion(&hadc1, timeout) != HAL_OK)
+ {
+ HAL_ADC_Stop(&hadc1);
+ return -1;
+ }
+
+ *value = HAL_ADC_GetValue(&hadc1);
+ HAL_ADC_Stop(&hadc1);
+
+ return 0;
+}
+
+/**
+ * @brief 在指定时间窗口内对麦克风多次采样，返回峰峰值作为响度
+ * @param noisy: 响度输出（峰峰值，范围 0~4095）
+ * @param window_ms: 采样时间窗口，建议 50~100ms（覆盖完整音节）
+ * @retval 0表示成功，-1 表示失败
+ */
+int adc_read_noisy_peak(uint32_t *noisy, uint32_t window_ms)
+{
+ uint32_t val;
+ uint32_t max_val = 0;
+ uint32_t min_val = 0xFFFFFFFF;
+ uint32_t deadline = HAL_GetTick() + window_ms;
+
+ while (HAL_GetTick() < deadline)
+ {
+ if (adc_read_channel(ADC_CHANNEL_16, &val) != 0)
+ return -1;
+
+ if (val > max_val) max_val = val;
+ if (val < min_val) min_val = val;
+ }
+
+ /* 峰峰值消除直流偏置影响，更真实反映响度 */
+ *noisy = (max_val > min_val) ? (max_val - min_val) : 0;
+ return 0;
+}
+
+/* ------------------- Lux 滤波相关参数 ------------------- */
+#define LUX_SAMPLE_COUNT 10 /* 每次采集的原始样本数 */
+#define LUX_TRIM_COUNT 2 /* 排序后，头尾各丢弃的样本数 */
+
+/**
+ * @brief 简单冒泡排序（数据量很小，不追求性能）
+ */
+static void sort_u32(uint32_t *arr, int n)
+{
+ for (int i = 0; i < n - 1; i++)
+ {
+ for (int j = 0; j < n - 1 - i; j++)
+ {
+ if (arr[j] > arr[j + 1])
+ {
+ uint32_t tmp = arr[j];
+ arr[j] = arr[j + 1];
+ arr[j + 1] = tmp;
+ }
+ }
+ }
+}
+
+/**
+ * @brief 多次采样光照度ADC值，排序后去掉两端的离群样本，再取平均
+ * @param lux: 输出参数，滤波后的光照度值
+ * @retval 0 成功, -1 失败
+ */
+static int adc_read_lux_filtered(uint32_t *lux)
+{
+ uint32_t samples[LUX_SAMPLE_COUNT];
+ uint32_t sum = 0;
+ int valid_count;
+
+ /* 多次采样光照度ADC值 */
+ for (int i = 0; i < LUX_SAMPLE_COUNT; i++)
+ {
+ if (adc_read_channel(ADC_CHANNEL_15, &samples[i]) != 0)
+ return -1;
+ }
+
+ /* 将多次采样的数据排序 */
+ sort_u32(samples, LUX_SAMPLE_COUNT);
+
+ /* 丢弃排序后头尾各 LUX_TRIM_COUNT 个可能的离群值 */
+ valid_count = LUX_SAMPLE_COUNT - 2 * LUX_TRIM_COUNT;
+ if (valid_count <= 0)
+ {
+ /* 参数配置不合理时兜底，避免除0 */
+ valid_count = LUX_SAMPLE_COUNT;
+ for (int i = 0; i < LUX_SAMPLE_COUNT; i++)
+ sum += samples[i];
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ for (int i = LUX_TRIM_COUNT; i < LUX_SAMPLE_COUNT - LUX_TRIM_COUNT; i++)
+ sum += samples[i];
+ }
+
+ *lux = sum / valid_count;
+
+ return 0;
+}
+
+ /**
+ * @brief 采集光照度与噪声值
+ * @param lux: 输出参数，采集到的光照度值
+ * @param noisy: 输出参数，采集到的噪声值
+ * @return 0表示成功，-1 表示失败
+ */
+int adc_sample_lux_noisy(uint32_t *lux, uint32_t *noisy)
+{
+ if (adc_read_lux_filtered(lux) != 0)
+ return -1;
+
+ if (adc_read_noisy_peak(noisy, 50) != 0)
+ return -2;
+
+ return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ *+----------------------------+
+ *| Timer delay API |
+ *+----------------------------+
+ */
+#include "tim.h"
+
+/**
+ * @brief 微秒级延时，最大支持 60000us，更长延时可以使用 HAL_Delay()
+ * @param us: 延时时长(微秒)
+ */
+void udelay(uint16_t us)
+{
+ uint16_t differ = 60000-us;
+
+ HAL_TIM_Base_Start(&htim6);
+
+ __HAL_TIM_SET_COUNTER(&htim6, differ);
+
+ while( differ < 60000 )
+ {
+ differ=__HAL_TIM_GET_COUNTER(&htim6);
+ }
+
+ HAL_TIM_Base_Stop(&htim6);
+}
diff --git a/ex2.i2c-bitbang/Board/miscdev.h b/ex2.i2c-bitbang/Board/miscdev.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3c35898
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ex2.i2c-bitbang/Board/miscdev.h
@@ -0,0 +1,170 @@
+/**********************************************************************
+* Copyright: (C)2024 LingYun IoT System Studio
+* Author: GuoWenxue<guowenxue@gmail.com>
+* Description: ISKBoard Hardware Abstract Layer driver
+*
+* ChangeLog:
+* Version Date Author Description
+* V1.0.0 2024.08.29 GuoWenxue Release initial version
+***********************************************************************/
+
+#ifndef __MISCDEV_H
+#define __MISCDEV_H
+
+#include <stdio.h>
+
+#include "stm32l4xx_hal.h"
+#include "usart.h"
+#include "buzzer.h"
+
+/* 定义ON/OFF两个宏，这样在代码中使用比 1/0 更具有可读性 */
+#define OFF 0
+#define ON 1
+
+/*
+ *+----------------------+
+ *| STM32 GPIO API |
+ *+----------------------+
+ */
+
+
+/* 定义一个gpio的结构体，用来描述这个引脚的相关信息 */
+typedef struct gpio_s
+{
+ const char *name;
+ GPIO_TypeDef *group;
+ uint16_t pin;
+ int active; /* 1 for active high, 0 for active low */
+} gpio_t;
+
+extern void gpio_clk_enable(GPIO_TypeDef *port);
+
+/*
+ *+----------------------+
+ *| GPIO Relay API |
+ *+----------------------+
+ */
+
+/**
+ * @brief 继电器初始化：配置继电器控制引脚对应的GPIO
+ */
+extern void init_relay(void);
+
+/**
+ * @brief 控制继电器的开关状态
+ * @param status: ON 或 OFF
+ */
+extern void turn_relay(int status);
+
+/*
+ *+----------------------+
+ *| GPIO Led API |
+ *+----------------------+
+ */
+
+/* 定义了一个枚举，分别表示RGB三个灯的索引：
+ * 枚举的第1个成员,如果没赋值则其值为0，后面的成员值永远是前面成员的值加1.
+ */
+typedef enum
+{
+ Led_R, /* 其值为0 */
+ Led_G, /* 其值为1 */
+ Led_B, /* 其值为2 */
+ LedMax,/* 其值为3，刚好是Led的总数 */
+} lednum_t;
+
+/**
+ * @brief LED初始化：配置各LED对应的GPIO状态。
+ */
+extern void init_led(void);
+
+/**
+ * @brief 控制指定LED的开关状态
+ * @param which: LED编号(参考 lednum_t，如 Led_R/Led_G/Led_B)
+ * @param status: ON 或 OFF
+ */
+extern void turn_led(int which, int status);
+
+/**
+ * @brief 翻转指定LED当前状态(亮变灭，灭变亮)
+ * @param which: LED编号(参考 lednum_t)
+ */
+extern void toggle_led(int which);
+
+/**
+ * @brief 阻塞式闪烁指定LED一次(亮interval毫秒，灭interval毫秒)
+ * @param which: LED编号(参考 lednum_t)
+ * @param interval: 亮灭各自持续时间(ms)
+ */
+extern void blink_led(int which, uint32_t interval);
+
+/**
+ * @brief 绿灯"滴-答"双闪心跳灯：每隔 interval 秒心跳一次。
+ * @param interval: 心跳总周期，单位：秒 (参数 > 1)。
+ */
+extern void heartbeat_led(uint32_t interval);
+
+/*
+ *+----------------------+
+ *| GPIO Led API |
+ *+----------------------+
+ */
+
+/* 定义了一个枚举，分别表示RGB三个灯的索引：
+ * 枚举的第1个成员,如果没赋值则其值为0，后面的成员值永远是前面成员的值加1.
+ */
+typedef enum
+{
+ Key1, /* 其值为0 */
+ Key2, /* 其值为1 */
+ Key3, /* 其值为2 */
+ KeyMax,/* 其值为3，刚好是Key的总数 */
+} keynum_t;
+
+/* 按键状态位掩码：对应 g_keys_status 中的第 Key1/Key2/Key3 位被按下 */
+#define KEY1_PRESSED (1<<Key1)
+#define KEY2_PRESSED (1<<Key2)
+#define KEY3_PRESSED (1<<Key3)
+
+/* 全局按键状态位图，每一位代表当前按键是否处于"已按下"状态，由中断逻辑置位 */
+extern int g_keys_status;
+
+/* 判断指定按键当前是否处于按下状态 */
+#define key_pressed(key) (g_keys_status & (1<<key) )
+
+/* 清除指定按键的按下标志 */
+#define key_clear(key) (g_keys_status &= ~(1<<key) )
+
+/*
+ *+----------------------------+
+ *| ADC noisy & lux sensor API |
+ *+----------------------------+
+ */
+
+ /**
+ * @brief 采集光照度与噪声值
+ * @param lux: 输出参数，采集到的光照度值
+ * @param noisy: 输出参数，采集到的噪声值
+ * @return 0表示成功，-1 表示失败
+ */
+extern int adc_sample_lux_noisy(uint32_t *lux, uint32_t *noisy);
+
+/*
+ *+----------------------------+
+ *| Timer delay API |
+ *+----------------------------+
+ */
+
+/**
+ * @brief 微秒级延时，最大支持 60000us，更长延时可以使用 HAL_Delay()
+ * @param us: 延时时长(微秒)
+ */
+extern void udelay(uint16_t us);
+
+/**
+ * @brief 毫秒秒级延时，直接使用 HAL_Delay()，方便代码可读性
+ * @param ms: 延时时长(毫秒)
+ */
+#define mdelay(ms) HAL_Delay(ms)
+
+#endif /* __MISCDEV_H */
diff --git a/ex2.i2c-bitbang/Board/oled_drv.c b/ex2.i2c-bitbang/Board/oled_drv.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5c7c89c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ex2.i2c-bitbang/Board/oled_drv.c
@@ -0,0 +1,402 @@
+/**********************************************************************
+ * Copyright: (C)2021 LingYun IoT System Studio <www.weike-iot.com>
+ * Author: GuoWenxue<guowenxue@gmail.com> QQ: 281143292
+ * Description: ISKBoard OLED(N091-2832TSWFG02-H14, 128x32) SSD1306 driver
+ *
+ * ChangeLog:
+ * Version Date Author Description
+ * V1.0.0 2021.08.10 GuoWenxue Release initial version
+ * V2.0.0 2026.04.29 Optimized GRAM buffered rendering
+ ***********************************************************************/
+
+#include <string.h>
+#include "oled_drv.h"
+#include "oled_font.h"
+#include "miscdev.h"
+
+/* I2C 设备 OLED */
+static i2c_dev_t oled;
+
+/* -----------------------------------------------------------------------
+ * 屏幕本地显存镜像缓冲区（Shadow GRAM）: 128列 x 4页
+ * 所有绘制操作先写入此缓冲区，调用 OLED_Refresh() 后才真正发送到屏幕，
+ * ----------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+static uint8_t s_gram[OLED_PAGES][X_WIDTH];
+
+/* -----------------------------------------------------------------------
+ * I2C 突发传输数据打包缓冲区，大小为 128列 + 1字节控制头 = 129 字节。
+ * 用于在冲刷（Refresh）每一页显存时，将控制字节 (OLED_DATA) 与一页的
+ * 128 字节 GRAM 数据在连续的内存中拼接，从而实现单次 I2C 事务的流式高效写入。
+ * ----------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+static uint8_t s_tx_packet[X_WIDTH + 1];
+
+/*
+ * ====================================
+ * 1. OLED 底层内部私有通信函数
+ * ====================================
+ */
+
+static int oled_write_cmd(uint8_t cmd)
+{
+ i2c_msg_t msg;
+ int ret = -2;
+ uint8_t buf[2];
+
+ /* 准备数据包：控制字节(OLED_CMD) + 命令字节 */
+ buf[0] = OLED_CMD;
+ buf[1] = cmd;
+
+ /* 配置 I2C 消息结构体 */
+ msg.addr = oled.dev_addr; /* 7位从机地址 */
+ msg.flags = I2C_M_WR; /* 写标志 */
+ msg.len = 2; /* 数据长度 = 控制字节 + 命令字节 */
+ msg.buf = buf; /* 数据指针 */
+
+ /* 将I2C总线加锁让设备独占总线 */
+ i2c_lock_dev(&oled);
+
+ /* 执行 I2C 传输 */
+ if (i2c_transfer(oled.bus, &msg, 1) != I2C_OK)
+ {
+ goto cleanup;
+ }
+
+ ret = 0;
+
+cleanup:
+ /* 释放设备的 I2C 总线锁 */
+ i2c_free_dev(&oled);
+ return ret;
+}
+
+int OLED_Init(i2c_bus_t *bus)
+{
+ if (!bus)
+ return -1;
+
+ if( i2c_bind_dev(&oled, bus, OLED_I2C_ADDR) < 0)
+ return -2;
+
+ mdelay(100);
+
+ oled_write_cmd(0xAE); /* Display OFF */
+ oled_write_cmd(0x40); /* Display Start Line = 0 */
+ oled_write_cmd(0xB0); /* Page Start Address = 0 */
+ oled_write_cmd(0xC8); /* COM Scan: remapped (垂直翻转修正) */
+
+ oled_write_cmd(0x81); /* Contrast Control */
+ oled_write_cmd(0xFF); /* 最大对比度 */
+ oled_write_cmd(0xA1); /* Segment Remap: SEG127→SEG0 */
+ oled_write_cmd(0xA6); /* Normal Display (非反色) */
+
+ oled_write_cmd(0xA8); /* Multiplex Ratio */
+ oled_write_cmd(0x1F); /* MUX=31 → 32行 (128×32屏) */
+ oled_write_cmd(0xD3); /* Display Offset */
+ oled_write_cmd(0x00); /* 垂直偏移=0 */
+
+ oled_write_cmd(0xD5); /* Display Clock Divide Ratio / OSC */
+ oled_write_cmd(0xF0); /* 高频率 + 默认分频，提高刷新率 */
+ oled_write_cmd(0xD9); /* Pre-charge Period */
+ oled_write_cmd(0x22); /* Phase1=2, Phase2=2 DCLK */
+
+ oled_write_cmd(0xDA); /* COM Pins Hardware Config */
+ oled_write_cmd(0x02); /* 适用于 128×32(128×64 用 0x12) */
+
+ oled_write_cmd(0xDB); /* VCOMH */
+ oled_write_cmd(0x49); /* ≈ 0.83×Vcc */
+
+ /* 开启 OLED 显示面板 */
+ OLED_Display_On();
+
+ /* 将显示屏黑屏 */
+ OLED_Clear();
+ OLED_Refresh();
+
+ return 0;
+}
+
+/**
+ * @brief 开启 OLED 显示面板
+ */
+void OLED_Display_On(void)
+{
+ oled_write_cmd(0x8D); /* Charge Pump Setting */
+ oled_write_cmd(0x14); /* 电荷泵使能 */
+ oled_write_cmd(0xAF); /* Display ON */
+}
+
+/**
+ * @brief 关闭 OLED 显示面板
+ */
+void OLED_Display_Off(void)
+{
+ oled_write_cmd(0x8D); /* Charge Pump Setting */
+ oled_write_cmd(0x10); /* 电荷泵停用 */
+ oled_write_cmd(0xAE); /* Display OFF */
+}
+
+/* 设置页地址（Page Address）, SSD1306 显示屏按页寻址，每页 8 行像素
+ * page 表示页号（0~3，对应 32px 高度的 4 页）
+ */
+void oled_set_pos(uint8_t x, uint8_t page)
+{
+ oled_write_cmd( 0xB0 | (page & 0x07) ); /* 页地址 */
+ oled_write_cmd( 0x10 | ((x & 0xF0) >> 4) ); /* 列高4位 */
+ oled_write_cmd( x & 0x0F ); /* 列低4位 */
+}
+
+/**
+ * @brief 将本地 GRAM 缓冲区突发（Burst）全量更新至屏幕物理显存
+ */
+void OLED_Refresh(void)
+{
+ uint8_t page;
+ i2c_msg_t msg;
+
+ /* 锁住整个整幅图像的刷新周期，避免多页之间总线控制权被切走造成画面闪烁 */
+ i2c_lock_dev(&oled);
+
+ msg.addr = oled.dev_addr;
+ msg.flags = I2C_M_WR;
+ msg.len = X_WIDTH + 1;
+ msg.buf = s_tx_packet;
+ s_tx_packet[0] = (uint8_t)OLED_DATA;
+
+ for (page = 0; page < OLED_PAGES; page++)
+ {
+ oled_set_pos(0, page);
+
+ memcpy(&s_tx_packet[1], s_gram[page], X_WIDTH);
+
+ if (i2c_transfer(oled.bus, &msg, 1) != I2C_OK)
+ {
+ goto cleanup;
+ }
+ udelay(5);
+ }
+
+cleanup:
+ i2c_free_dev(&oled);
+}
+
+/*
+ * ====================================
+ * 2. 内存渲染 API (无需涉及I2C总线操作)
+ * ====================================
+ */
+
+/**
+ * @brief 清空软件 GRAM 缓冲区(全黑), 需配合 OLED_Refresh() 使用。
+ */
+void OLED_Clear(void)
+{
+ memset(s_gram, 0x00, sizeof(s_gram));
+}
+
+/**
+ * @brief 点亮软件 GRAM 缓冲区中所有像素(全白), 需配合 OLED_Refresh() 使用。
+ */
+void OLED_On(void)
+{
+ memset(s_gram, 0xFF, sizeof(s_gram));
+}
+
+/**
+ * @brief 在本地显存区绘制一个 ASCII 字符
+ */
+void OLED_ShowChar(uint8_t x, uint8_t page, char chr, uint8_t char_size)
+{
+ uint8_t c;
+ uint8_t i;
+ uint8_t col;
+
+ if (chr < ' ' || chr > '~')
+ {
+ chr = '?';
+ }
+ c = chr - ' ';
+
+ if (char_size == OLED_FONT16)
+ {
+ for (i = 0; i < 8; i++)
+ {
+ col = x + i;
+ if (col >= X_WIDTH)
+ {
+ break;
+ }
+ if (page < OLED_PAGES)
+ {
+ s_gram[page][col] = F8X16[c * 16 + i];
+ }
+ if ((page + 1) < OLED_PAGES)
+ {
+ s_gram[page + 1][col] = F8X16[c * 16 + i + 8];
+ }
+ }
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ for (i = 0; i < 6; i++)
+ {
+ col = x + i;
+ if (col >= X_WIDTH)
+ {
+ break;
+ }
+ if (page < OLED_PAGES)
+ {
+ s_gram[page][col] = F6x8[c][i];
+ }
+ }
+ }
+}
+
+/**
+ * @brief 在本地显存区绘制字符串
+ */
+void OLED_ShowString(uint8_t x, uint8_t page, const char *str, uint8_t font_size)
+{
+ uint8_t char_width;
+ uint8_t char_pages;
+
+ char_width = (font_size == OLED_FONT16) ? 8 : 6;
+ char_pages = (font_size == OLED_FONT16) ? 2 : 1;
+
+ if (!str)
+ {
+ return;
+ }
+
+ while (*str != '\0')
+ {
+ if (page + char_pages > OLED_PAGES)
+ {
+ break;
+ }
+
+ OLED_ShowChar(x, page, *str, font_size);
+ x += char_width;
+ if (x + char_width > X_WIDTH)
+ {
+ x = 0;
+ page += char_pages;
+ }
+ str++;
+ }
+}
+
+/**
+ * @brief 在本地显存区绘制 16x16 汉字
+ */
+void OLED_ShowChinese(const uint8_t (*Hzk)[32], uint8_t x, uint8_t page, uint8_t index)
+{
+ uint8_t i;
+ uint8_t col;
+
+ if (!Hzk || (page + 1 >= OLED_PAGES))
+ {
+ return;
+ }
+
+ for (i = 0; i < 16; i++)
+ {
+ col = x + i;
+ if (col >= X_WIDTH)
+ {
+ break;
+ }
+ s_gram[page][col] = Hzk[2 * index][i];
+ s_gram[page + 1][col] = Hzk[2 * index + 1][i];
+ }
+}
+
+/**
+ * @brief 在本地显存区绘制单色 BMP 位图
+ */
+void OLED_DrawBMP(uint8_t x0, uint8_t page0, uint8_t x_width, uint8_t y_width, const uint8_t *bmp)
+{
+ uint8_t page;
+ uint8_t x;
+ uint8_t pages;
+ uint32_t j;
+
+ pages = (y_width + 7) / 8;
+ j = 0;
+
+ if (!bmp)
+ {
+ return;
+ }
+
+ for (page = page0; page < page0 + pages && page < OLED_PAGES; page++)
+ {
+ for (x = x0; x < x0 + x_width && x < X_WIDTH; x++)
+ {
+ s_gram[page][x] = bmp[j++];
+ }
+ }
+}
+
+/*
+ * ====================================
+ * 3. OLED 驱动测试及示范代码
+ * ====================================
+ */
+
+void oled_test_example(void)
+{
+ uint8_t i;
+ const char *title = "ISKBoard";
+
+ /* 1. 硬件总线与外设初始化 */
+ OLED_Init(&i2c1_bus);
+ mdelay(500);
+
+ /* 2. 第一阶段：全屏点阵 Logo 图像显示测试 */
+ OLED_Clear();
+ /* 参数说明: 起始X=0, 起始页=PAGE0, 宽度=128, 高度=32, 数据源 */
+ OLED_DrawBMP(0, OLED_PAGE0, BMP_LOGO_WIDTH, BMP_LOGO_HEIGHT, bmp_logo);
+ OLED_Refresh(); /* 冲刷到物理屏幕 */
+ mdelay(3000); /* 保持显示 3 秒 */
+
+
+/* 3. 第二阶段：16x16 宋体汉字 "凌云实验室" 显示测试 */
+ OLED_Clear();
+ /* * 基于 index 寻址：
+ * 传入 index=0，函数内部会自动抓取 Hzk_LingYun[0] 和 Hzk_LingYun[1] 组合成“凌”
+ * 传入 index=1，函数内部会自动抓取 Hzk_LingYun[2] 和 Hzk_LingYun[3] 组合成“云”
+ * 每个字横向占 16 像素，起始 X 从 24 开始，使 5 个字在 128 像素宽的屏幕上完美居中
+ */
+ OLED_ShowChinese(Hzk_LingYun, 24, OLED_PAGE1, 0); /* “凌” (index: 0) */
+ OLED_ShowChinese(Hzk_LingYun, 40, OLED_PAGE1, 1); /* “云” (index: 1) */
+ OLED_ShowChinese(Hzk_LingYun, 56, OLED_PAGE1, 2); /* “实” (index: 2) */
+ OLED_ShowChinese(Hzk_LingYun, 72, OLED_PAGE1, 3); /* “验” (index: 3) */
+ OLED_ShowChinese(Hzk_LingYun, 88, OLED_PAGE1, 4); /* “室” (index: 4) */
+ OLED_Refresh(); /* 将渲染好的 5 个宋体汉字一次性刷入屏幕 */
+ mdelay(2500); /* 保持显示 2.5 秒 */
+
+ /* 4. 第三阶段：标准 ASCII 字符串动效打字机显示测试 */
+ OLED_Clear();
+ OLED_Refresh();
+
+ /* 动态计算位置，从第 32 列、第 1 页开始以 16 号大字体逐字敲出 "ISKBoard" */
+ for (i = 0; title[i] != '\0'; i++)
+ {
+ OLED_ShowChar(32 + (i * 8), OLED_PAGE1, title[i], OLED_FONT16);
+ OLED_Refresh(); /* 每写一个字符，立即同步刷新到屏幕，形成打字机动效 */
+ mdelay(150);
+ }
+ mdelay(2000);
+
+ /* 5. 第四阶段：测试结束，清屏复位 */
+ OLED_Clear();
+ OLED_ShowString(24, OLED_PAGE1, "- Test Over -", OLED_FONT16);
+ OLED_Refresh();
+ mdelay(1000);
+
+ /* 6. 将显示屏黑屏并关闭显示 */
+ OLED_Clear();
+ OLED_Refresh();
+ OLED_Display_Off();
+}
diff --git a/ex2.i2c-bitbang/Board/oled_drv.h b/ex2.i2c-bitbang/Board/oled_drv.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a152b21
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ex2.i2c-bitbang/Board/oled_drv.h
@@ -0,0 +1,163 @@
+/**********************************************************************
+ * Copyright: (C)2021 LingYun IoT System Studio <www.weike-iot.com>
+ * Author: GuoWenxue<guowenxue@gmail.com> QQ: 281143292
+ * Description: ISKBoard OLED(N091-2832TSWFG02-H14, 128x32) SSD1306 driver
+ *
+ * ChangeLog:
+ * Version Date Author Description
+ * V1.0.0 2021.08.10 GuoWenxue Release initial version
+ * V2.0.0 2026.04.29 Optimized GRAM buffered rendering
+ ***********************************************************************/
+
+/* SSD1306 OLED显示器内部按页(Page)组织数据：
+
+ 屏幕布局（128x32）:
+ +------------------+
+ | Page 0 (0~7) | ← 8像素
+ +------------------+
+ | Page 1 (8~15) | ← 8像素
+ +------------------+
+ | Page 2 (16~23) | ← 8像素
+ +------------------+
+ | Page 3 (24~31) | ← 8像素
+ +------------------+
+
+ 字体大小说明：
+ +---------------+---------+-------+----------+-------------+
+ | FONT | 宽度 | 高度 | 占用页数 | Y坐标类型 |
+ +---------------+---------+-------+----------+-------------+
+ | FONT8(6x8) | 6像素 | 8像素 | 1页 | 页码(0~3) |
+ +---------------+---------+-------+----------+-------------+
+ | FONT16(8x16) | 8像素 | 16像素| 2页 | 页码(0~2) |
+ +---------------+---------+-------+----------+-------------+
+ | Chinese(16x16)| 16像素 | 16像素| 2页 | 页码(0~2) |
+ +---------------+---------+-------+----------+-------------+
+ */
+
+#ifndef __OLED_DRV_H
+#define __OLED_DRV_H
+
+#include "stm32l4xx_hal.h"
+#include "i2c_bitbang.h"
+
+/* OLED I2C 从设备地址 */
+#define OLED_I2C_ADDR 0x3C
+
+/* 屏幕物理尺寸 */
+#define X_WIDTH 128
+#define Y_WIDTH 32
+
+/* 字体大小选项 */
+#define OLED_FONT16 16 /* 8×16 像素字体 */
+#define OLED_FONT8 8 /* 6×8 像素字体 */
+
+/* SSD1306 页数（128×32 屏共 4 页，每页 8 行像素） */
+enum
+{
+ OLED_PAGE0, /* 第0个页，控制纵坐标从 0 开始 */
+ OLED_PAGE1, /* 第1个页，控制纵坐标从 8 开始 */
+ OLED_PAGE2, /* 第2个页，控制纵坐标从 16 开始 */
+ OLED_PAGE3, /* 第3个页，控制纵坐标从 24 开始 */
+ OLED_PAGES, /* 总共 4 个页 */
+};
+
+/* 根据 SSD1306 芯片 datasheet 说明定义控制流标记 */
+typedef enum
+{
+ OLED_CMD = 0x00, /* Co=0, D/C#=0 -> 后面跟着命令 */
+ OLED_DATA = 0x40, /* Co=0, D/C#=1 -> 后面跟着全数据流 */
+} oled_ctrl_t;
+
+/*
+ * =========================================================================
+ * 显示控制 API
+ * =========================================================================
+ */
+
+/**
+ * @brief 初始化 OLED 显示屏（包含寄存器流配置、本地 GRAM 格式化、以及首次总线强刷）
+ * @param bus: 绑定的 i2c-bitbang 物理总线句柄
+ */
+int OLED_Init(i2c_bus_t *bus);
+
+/**
+ * @brief 清空软件 GRAM 缓冲区(全黑), 需配合 OLED_Refresh() 使用。
+ */
+void OLED_Clear(void);
+
+/**
+ * @brief 点亮软件 GRAM 缓冲区中所有像素(全白), 需配合 OLED_Refresh() 使用。
+ */
+void OLED_On(void);
+
+/**
+ * @brief 开启 OLED 显示（打开内建 Charge Pump 倍压器 + 开启显示面板）
+ */
+void OLED_Display_On(void);
+
+/**
+ * @brief 关闭 OLED 显示（进入超低功耗硬件待机模式，显存内容保持不动）
+ */
+void OLED_Display_Off(void);
+
+/**
+ * @brief 将软件 GRAM 缓冲区一次性突发刷新到 OLED 硬件显存中
+ * 每页采用单次加锁机制，极大幅度压缩总线事务开销，给其他设备留足带宽。
+ */
+void OLED_Refresh(void);
+
+/*
+ * =========================================================================
+ * 绘制 API（写缓冲区，需配合 OLED_Refresh() 显示）
+ * =========================================================================
+ */
+
+/**
+ * @brief 在本地 GRAM 缓冲区中写入单个可打印 ASCII 字符
+ *
+ * @param x 列坐标 (0 ~ X_WIDTH-1)
+ * @param page 页坐标 (0 ~ OLED_PAGES-1)
+ * @param chr ASCII 可打印字符
+ * @param char_size OLED_FONT16 (占 2 页) 或 OLED_FONT8 (占 1 页)
+ */
+void OLED_ShowChar(uint8_t x, uint8_t page, char chr, uint8_t char_size);
+
+/**
+ * @brief 在本地 GRAM 缓冲区中写入 ASCII 字符串（到行尾自动换行）
+ *
+ * @param x 起始列 (0 ~ X_WIDTH-1)
+ * @param page 起始页 (0 ~ OLED_PAGES-1)
+ * @param str 以 '\0' 结尾的字符串指针（支持 const 静态字面量）
+ * @param font_size OLED_FONT16 或 OLED_FONT8
+ */
+void OLED_ShowString(uint8_t x, uint8_t page, const char *str, uint8_t font_size);
+
+/**
+ * @brief 在本地 GRAM 缓冲区中写入一个 16×16 的标准汉字
+ *
+ * @param Hzk 汉字字模二维数组只读指针（每个汉字 32 字节，分立上下两页）
+ * @param x 起始列 (0 ~ X_WIDTH-1)
+ * @param page 起始页 (0 ~ OLED_PAGES-1)
+ * @param index 目标汉字在点阵数组中的索引序号
+ */
+void OLED_ShowChinese(const uint8_t (*Hzk)[32], uint8_t x, uint8_t page, uint8_t index);
+
+/**
+ * @brief 在本地 GRAM 缓冲区中绘制单色二进制 BMP 图像
+ *
+ * @param x0 起始列 (0 ~ X_WIDTH-1)
+ * @param page0 起始页 (0 ~ OLED_PAGES-1)
+ * @param x_width 图像像素宽度
+ * @param y_width 图像像素高度（工程规范：必须为 8 的整数倍）
+ * @param bmp 单色点阵数组指针（列行式，逆向取模）
+ */
+void OLED_DrawBMP(uint8_t x0, uint8_t page0,
+ uint8_t x_width, uint8_t y_width,
+ const uint8_t *bmp);
+
+/**
+ * @brief OLED 驱动功能及综合演示函数（包含动态打字机、混排、全图爆破等）
+ */
+void oled_test_example(void);
+
+#endif /* __OLED_DRV_H */
diff --git a/ex2.i2c-bitbang/Board/oled_font.c b/ex2.i2c-bitbang/Board/oled_font.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8b70276
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ex2.i2c-bitbang/Board/oled_font.c
@@ -0,0 +1,323 @@
+/**********************************************************************
+* Copyright: (C)2021 LingYun IoT System Studio <www.weike-iot.com>
+* Author: GuoWenxue<guowenxue@gmail.com> QQ: 281143292
+* Description: ISKBoard OLED font data (PCtoLCD.exe generated)
+*
+* ChangeLog:
+* Version Date Author Description
+* V1.0.0 2021.08.10 GuoWenxue Release initial version
+***********************************************************************/
+
+#include "oled_font.h"
+
+/*+--------------------------------+
+ *| ASCII font size 6x8 |
+ *+--------------------------------+*/
+
+/* 可打印 ASCII 范围: ' '(0x20) ~ '~'(0x7E), 共 95 个字符 */
+const uint8_t F6x8[][6] =
+{
+ {0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00},/* sp */
+ {0x00,0x00,0x00,0x2F,0x00,0x00},/* ! */
+ {0x00,0x00,0x07,0x00,0x07,0x00},/* " */
+ {0x00,0x14,0x7F,0x14,0x7F,0x14},/* # */
+ {0x00,0x24,0x2A,0x7F,0x2A,0x12},/* $ */
+ {0x00,0x62,0x64,0x08,0x13,0x23},/* % */
+ {0x00,0x36,0x49,0x55,0x22,0x50},/* & */
+ {0x00,0x00,0x05,0x03,0x00,0x00},/* ' */
+ {0x00,0x00,0x1C,0x22,0x41,0x00},/* ( */
+ {0x00,0x00,0x41,0x22,0x1C,0x00},/* ) */
+ {0x00,0x14,0x08,0x3E,0x08,0x14},/* * */
+ {0x00,0x08,0x08,0x3E,0x08,0x08},/* + */
+ {0x00,0x00,0x00,0xA0,0x60,0x00},/* , */
+ {0x00,0x08,0x08,0x08,0x08,0x08},/* - */
+ {0x00,0x00,0x60,0x60,0x00,0x00},/* . */
+ {0x00,0x20,0x10,0x08,0x04,0x02},/* / */
+ {0x00,0x3E,0x51,0x49,0x45,0x3E},/* 0 */
+ {0x00,0x00,0x42,0x7F,0x40,0x00},/* 1 */
+ {0x00,0x42,0x61,0x51,0x49,0x46},/* 2 */
+ {0x00,0x21,0x41,0x45,0x4B,0x31},/* 3 */
+ {0x00,0x18,0x14,0x12,0x7F,0x10},/* 4 */
+ {0x00,0x27,0x45,0x45,0x45,0x39},/* 5 */
+ {0x00,0x3C,0x4A,0x49,0x49,0x30},/* 6 */
+ {0x00,0x01,0x71,0x09,0x05,0x03},/* 7 */
+ {0x00,0x36,0x49,0x49,0x49,0x36},/* 8 */
+ {0x00,0x06,0x49,0x49,0x29,0x1E},/* 9 */
+ {0x00,0x00,0x36,0x36,0x00,0x00},/* : */
+ {0x00,0x00,0x56,0x36,0x00,0x00},/* ; */
+ {0x00,0x08,0x14,0x22,0x41,0x00},/* < */
+ {0x00,0x14,0x14,0x14,0x14,0x14},/* = */
+ {0x00,0x00,0x41,0x22,0x14,0x08},/* > */
+ {0x00,0x02,0x01,0x51,0x09,0x06},/* ? */
+ {0x00,0x32,0x49,0x59,0x51,0x3E},/* @ */
+ {0x00,0x7C,0x12,0x11,0x12,0x7C},/* A */
+ {0x00,0x7F,0x49,0x49,0x49,0x36},/* B */
+ {0x00,0x3E,0x41,0x41,0x41,0x22},/* C */
+ {0x00,0x7F,0x41,0x41,0x22,0x1C},/* D */
+ {0x00,0x7F,0x49,0x49,0x49,0x41},/* E */
+ {0x00,0x7F,0x09,0x09,0x09,0x01},/* F */
+ {0x00,0x3E,0x41,0x49,0x49,0x7A},/* G */
+ {0x00,0x7F,0x08,0x08,0x08,0x7F},/* H */
+ {0x00,0x00,0x41,0x7F,0x41,0x00},/* I */
+ {0x00,0x20,0x40,0x41,0x3F,0x01},/* J */
+ {0x00,0x7F,0x08,0x14,0x22,0x41},/* K */
+ {0x00,0x7F,0x40,0x40,0x40,0x40},/* L */
+ {0x00,0x7F,0x02,0x0C,0x02,0x7F},/* M */
+ {0x00,0x7F,0x04,0x08,0x10,0x7F},/* N */
+ {0x00,0x3E,0x41,0x41,0x41,0x3E},/* O */
+ {0x00,0x7F,0x09,0x09,0x09,0x06},/* P */
+ {0x00,0x3E,0x41,0x51,0x21,0x5E},/* Q */
+ {0x00,0x7F,0x09,0x19,0x29,0x46},/* R */
+ {0x00,0x46,0x49,0x49,0x49,0x31},/* S */
+ {0x00,0x01,0x01,0x7F,0x01,0x01},/* T */
+ {0x00,0x3F,0x40,0x40,0x40,0x3F},/* U */
+ {0x00,0x1F,0x20,0x40,0x20,0x1F},/* V */
+ {0x00,0x3F,0x40,0x38,0x40,0x3F},/* W */
+ {0x00,0x63,0x14,0x08,0x14,0x63},/* X */
+ {0x00,0x07,0x08,0x70,0x08,0x07},/* Y */
+ {0x00,0x61,0x51,0x49,0x45,0x43},/* Z */
+ {0x00,0x00,0x7F,0x41,0x41,0x00},/* [ */
+ {0x00,0x0C,0x30,0xC0,0x00,0x00},/* \ */
+ {0x00,0x00,0x41,0x41,0x7F,0x00},/* ] */
+ {0x00,0x04,0x02,0x01,0x02,0x04},/* ^ */
+ {0x00,0x40,0x40,0x40,0x40,0x40},/* _ */
+ {0x00,0x00,0x01,0x02,0x04,0x00},/* ` */
+ {0x00,0x20,0x54,0x54,0x54,0x78},/* a */
+ {0x00,0x7F,0x48,0x44,0x44,0x38},/* b */
+ {0x00,0x38,0x44,0x44,0x44,0x20},/* c */
+ {0x00,0x38,0x44,0x44,0x48,0x7F},/* d */
+ {0x00,0x38,0x54,0x54,0x54,0x18},/* e */
+ {0x00,0x08,0x7E,0x09,0x01,0x02},/* f */
+ {0x00,0x18,0xA4,0xA4,0xA4,0x7C},/* g */
+ {0x00,0x7F,0x08,0x04,0x04,0x78},/* h */
+ {0x00,0x00,0x44,0x7D,0x40,0x00},/* i */
+ {0x00,0x40,0x80,0x84,0x7D,0x00},/* j */
+ {0x00,0x7F,0x10,0x28,0x44,0x00},/* k */
+ {0x00,0x00,0x41,0x7F,0x40,0x00},/* l */
+ {0x00,0x7C,0x04,0x18,0x04,0x78},/* m */
+ {0x00,0x7C,0x08,0x04,0x04,0x78},/* n */
+ {0x00,0x38,0x44,0x44,0x44,0x38},/* o */
+ {0x00,0xFC,0x24,0x24,0x24,0x18},/* p */
+ {0x00,0x18,0x24,0x24,0x18,0xFC},/* q */
+ {0x00,0x7C,0x08,0x04,0x04,0x08},/* r */
+ {0x00,0x48,0x54,0x54,0x54,0x20},/* s */
+ {0x00,0x04,0x3F,0x44,0x40,0x20},/* t */
+ {0x00,0x3C,0x40,0x40,0x20,0x7C},/* u */
+ {0x00,0x1C,0x20,0x40,0x20,0x1C},/* v */
+ {0x00,0x3C,0x40,0x30,0x40,0x3C},/* w */
+ {0x00,0x44,0x28,0x10,0x28,0x44},/* x */
+ {0x00,0x1C,0xA0,0xA0,0xA0,0x7C},/* y */
+ {0x00,0x44,0x64,0x54,0x4C,0x44},/* z */
+ {0x14,0x14,0x14,0x14,0x14,0x14},/* horiz lines */
+};
+
+/*+--------------------------------+
+ *| ASCII font size 8x16 |
+ *+--------------------------------+*/
+
+/* 每个字符 16 字节, 共 95 个字符 */
+ const uint8_t F8X16[] =
+{
+ 0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,/* sp 0 */
+ 0x00,0x00,0x00,0xF8,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x33,0x30,0x00,0x00,0x00,/* ! 1 */
+ 0x00,0x10,0x0C,0x06,0x10,0x0C,0x06,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,/* " 2 */
+ 0x40,0xC0,0x78,0x40,0xC0,0x78,0x40,0x00,0x04,0x3F,0x04,0x04,0x3F,0x04,0x04,0x00,/* # 3 */
+ 0x00,0x70,0x88,0xFC,0x08,0x30,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x18,0x20,0xFF,0x21,0x1E,0x00,0x00,/* $ 4 */
+ 0xF0,0x08,0xF0,0x00,0xE0,0x18,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x21,0x1C,0x03,0x1E,0x21,0x1E,0x00,/* % 5 */
+ 0x00,0xF0,0x08,0x88,0x70,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x1E,0x21,0x23,0x24,0x19,0x27,0x21,0x10,/* & 6 */
+ 0x10,0x16,0x0E,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,/* ' 7 */
+ 0x00,0x00,0x00,0xE0,0x18,0x04,0x02,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x07,0x18,0x20,0x40,0x00,/* ( 8 */
+ 0x00,0x02,0x04,0x18,0xE0,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x40,0x20,0x18,0x07,0x00,0x00,0x00,/* ) 9 */
+ 0x40,0x40,0x80,0xF0,0x80,0x40,0x40,0x00,0x02,0x02,0x01,0x0F,0x01,0x02,0x02,0x00,/* * 10 */
+ 0x00,0x00,0x00,0xF0,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x01,0x01,0x01,0x1F,0x01,0x01,0x01,0x00,/* + 11 */
+ 0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x80,0xB0,0x70,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,/* , 12 */
+ 0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x01,0x01,0x01,0x01,0x01,0x01,0x01,/* - 13 */
+ 0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x30,0x30,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,/* . 14 */
+ 0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x80,0x60,0x18,0x04,0x00,0x60,0x18,0x06,0x01,0x00,0x00,0x00,/* / 15 */
+ 0x00,0xE0,0x10,0x08,0x08,0x10,0xE0,0x00,0x00,0x0F,0x10,0x20,0x20,0x10,0x0F,0x00,/* 0 16 */
+ 0x00,0x10,0x10,0xF8,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x20,0x20,0x3F,0x20,0x20,0x00,0x00,/* 1 17 */
+ 0x00,0x70,0x08,0x08,0x08,0x88,0x70,0x00,0x00,0x30,0x28,0x24,0x22,0x21,0x30,0x00,/* 2 18 */
+ 0x00,0x30,0x08,0x88,0x88,0x48,0x30,0x00,0x00,0x18,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x11,0x0E,0x00,/* 3 19 */
+ 0x00,0x00,0xC0,0x20,0x10,0xF8,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x07,0x04,0x24,0x24,0x3F,0x24,0x00,/* 4 20 */
+ 0x00,0xF8,0x08,0x88,0x88,0x08,0x08,0x00,0x00,0x19,0x21,0x20,0x20,0x11,0x0E,0x00,/* 5 21 */
+ 0x00,0xE0,0x10,0x88,0x88,0x18,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x0F,0x11,0x20,0x20,0x11,0x0E,0x00,/* 6 22 */
+ 0x00,0x38,0x08,0x08,0xC8,0x38,0x08,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x3F,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,/* 7 23 */
+ 0x00,0x70,0x88,0x08,0x08,0x88,0x70,0x00,0x00,0x1C,0x22,0x21,0x21,0x22,0x1C,0x00,/* 8 24 */
+ 0x00,0xE0,0x10,0x08,0x08,0x10,0xE0,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x31,0x22,0x22,0x11,0x0F,0x00,/* 9 25 */
+ 0x00,0x00,0x00,0xC0,0xC0,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x30,0x30,0x00,0x00,0x00,/* : 26 */
+ 0x00,0x00,0x00,0x80,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x80,0x60,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,/* ; 27 */
+ 0x00,0x00,0x80,0x40,0x20,0x10,0x08,0x00,0x00,0x01,0x02,0x04,0x08,0x10,0x20,0x00,/* < 28 */
+ 0x40,0x40,0x40,0x40,0x40,0x40,0x40,0x00,0x04,0x04,0x04,0x04,0x04,0x04,0x04,0x00,/* = 29 */
+ 0x00,0x08,0x10,0x20,0x40,0x80,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x20,0x10,0x08,0x04,0x02,0x01,0x00,/* > 30 */
+ 0x00,0x70,0x48,0x08,0x08,0x08,0xF0,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x30,0x36,0x01,0x00,0x00,/* ? 31 */
+ 0xC0,0x30,0xC8,0x28,0xE8,0x10,0xE0,0x00,0x07,0x18,0x27,0x24,0x23,0x14,0x0B,0x00,/* @ 32 */
+ 0x00,0x00,0xC0,0x38,0xE0,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x20,0x3C,0x23,0x02,0x02,0x27,0x38,0x20,/* A 33 */
+ 0x08,0xF8,0x88,0x88,0x88,0x70,0x00,0x00,0x20,0x3F,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x11,0x0E,0x00,/* B 34 */
+ 0xC0,0x30,0x08,0x08,0x08,0x08,0x38,0x00,0x07,0x18,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x10,0x08,0x00,/* C 35 */
+ 0x08,0xF8,0x08,0x08,0x08,0x10,0xE0,0x00,0x20,0x3F,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x10,0x0F,0x00,/* D 36 */
+ 0x08,0xF8,0x88,0x88,0xE8,0x08,0x10,0x00,0x20,0x3F,0x20,0x20,0x23,0x20,0x18,0x00,/* E 37 */
+ 0x08,0xF8,0x88,0x88,0xE8,0x08,0x10,0x00,0x20,0x3F,0x20,0x00,0x03,0x00,0x00,0x00,/* F 38 */
+ 0xC0,0x30,0x08,0x08,0x08,0x38,0x00,0x00,0x07,0x18,0x20,0x20,0x22,0x1E,0x02,0x00,/* G 39 */
+ 0x08,0xF8,0x08,0x00,0x00,0x08,0xF8,0x08,0x20,0x3F,0x21,0x01,0x01,0x21,0x3F,0x20,/* H 40 */
+ 0x00,0x08,0x08,0xF8,0x08,0x08,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x20,0x20,0x3F,0x20,0x20,0x00,0x00,/* I 41 */
+ 0x00,0x00,0x08,0x08,0xF8,0x08,0x08,0x00,0xC0,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x7F,0x00,0x00,0x00,/* J 42 */
+ 0x08,0xF8,0x88,0xC0,0x28,0x18,0x08,0x00,0x20,0x3F,0x20,0x01,0x26,0x38,0x20,0x00,/* K 43 */
+ 0x08,0xF8,0x08,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x20,0x3F,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x30,0x00,/* L 44 */
+ 0x08,0xF8,0xF8,0x00,0xF8,0xF8,0x08,0x00,0x20,0x3F,0x00,0x3F,0x00,0x3F,0x20,0x00,/* M 45 */
+ 0x08,0xF8,0x30,0xC0,0x00,0x08,0xF8,0x08,0x20,0x3F,0x20,0x00,0x07,0x18,0x3F,0x00,/* N 46 */
+ 0xE0,0x10,0x08,0x08,0x08,0x10,0xE0,0x00,0x0F,0x10,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x10,0x0F,0x00,/* O 47 */
+ 0x08,0xF8,0x08,0x08,0x08,0x08,0xF0,0x00,0x20,0x3F,0x21,0x01,0x01,0x01,0x00,0x00,/* P 48 */
+ 0xE0,0x10,0x08,0x08,0x08,0x10,0xE0,0x00,0x0F,0x18,0x24,0x24,0x38,0x50,0x4F,0x00,/* Q 49 */
+ 0x08,0xF8,0x88,0x88,0x88,0x88,0x70,0x00,0x20,0x3F,0x20,0x00,0x03,0x0C,0x30,0x20,/* R 50 */
+ 0x00,0x70,0x88,0x08,0x08,0x08,0x38,0x00,0x00,0x38,0x20,0x21,0x21,0x22,0x1C,0x00,/* S 51 */
+ 0x18,0x08,0x08,0xF8,0x08,0x08,0x18,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x20,0x3F,0x20,0x00,0x00,0x00,/* T 52 */
+ 0x08,0xF8,0x08,0x00,0x00,0x08,0xF8,0x08,0x00,0x1F,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x1F,0x00,/* U 53 */
+ 0x08,0x78,0x88,0x00,0x00,0xC8,0x38,0x08,0x00,0x00,0x07,0x38,0x0E,0x01,0x00,0x00,/* V 54 */
+ 0xF8,0x08,0x00,0xF8,0x00,0x08,0xF8,0x00,0x03,0x3C,0x07,0x00,0x07,0x3C,0x03,0x00,/* W 55 */
+ 0x08,0x18,0x68,0x80,0x80,0x68,0x18,0x08,0x20,0x30,0x2C,0x03,0x03,0x2C,0x30,0x20,/* X 56 */
+ 0x08,0x38,0xC8,0x00,0xC8,0x38,0x08,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x20,0x3F,0x20,0x00,0x00,0x00,/* Y 57 */
+ 0x10,0x08,0x08,0x08,0xC8,0x38,0x08,0x00,0x20,0x38,0x26,0x21,0x20,0x20,0x18,0x00,/* Z 58 */
+ 0x00,0x00,0x00,0xFE,0x02,0x02,0x02,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x7F,0x40,0x40,0x40,0x00,/* [ 59 */
+ 0x00,0x0C,0x30,0xC0,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x01,0x06,0x38,0xC0,0x00,/* \ 60 */
+ 0x00,0x02,0x02,0x02,0xFE,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x40,0x40,0x40,0x7F,0x00,0x00,0x00,/* ] 61 */
+ 0x00,0x00,0x04,0x02,0x02,0x02,0x04,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,/* ^ 62 */
+ 0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,/* _ 63 */
+ 0x00,0x02,0x02,0x04,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,/* ` 64 */
+ 0x00,0x00,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x19,0x24,0x22,0x22,0x22,0x3F,0x20,/* a 65 */
+ 0x08,0xF8,0x00,0x80,0x80,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x3F,0x11,0x20,0x20,0x11,0x0E,0x00,/* b 66 */
+ 0x00,0x00,0x00,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x0E,0x11,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x11,0x00,/* c 67 */
+ 0x00,0x00,0x00,0x80,0x80,0x88,0xF8,0x00,0x00,0x0E,0x11,0x20,0x20,0x10,0x3F,0x20,/* d 68 */
+ 0x00,0x00,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x1F,0x22,0x22,0x22,0x22,0x13,0x00,/* e 69 */
+ 0x00,0x80,0x80,0xF0,0x88,0x88,0x88,0x18,0x00,0x20,0x20,0x3F,0x20,0x20,0x00,0x00,/* f 70 */
+ 0x00,0x00,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x00,0x00,0x6B,0x94,0x94,0x94,0x93,0x60,0x00,/* g 71 */
+ 0x08,0xF8,0x00,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x00,0x00,0x20,0x3F,0x21,0x00,0x00,0x20,0x3F,0x20,/* h 72 */
+ 0x00,0x80,0x98,0x98,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x20,0x20,0x3F,0x20,0x20,0x00,0x00,/* i 73 */
+ 0x00,0x00,0x00,0x80,0x98,0x98,0x00,0x00,0x00,0xC0,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x7F,0x00,0x00,/* j 74 */
+ 0x08,0xF8,0x00,0x00,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x00,0x20,0x3F,0x24,0x02,0x2D,0x30,0x20,0x00,/* k 75 */
+ 0x00,0x08,0x08,0xF8,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x20,0x20,0x3F,0x20,0x20,0x00,0x00,/* l 76 */
+ 0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x00,0x20,0x3F,0x20,0x00,0x3F,0x20,0x00,0x3F,/* m 77 */
+ 0x80,0x80,0x00,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x00,0x00,0x20,0x3F,0x21,0x00,0x00,0x20,0x3F,0x20,/* n 78 */
+ 0x00,0x00,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x1F,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x1F,0x00,/* o 79 */
+ 0x80,0x80,0x00,0x80,0x80,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x80,0xFF,0xA1,0x20,0x20,0x11,0x0E,0x00,/* p 80 */
+ 0x00,0x00,0x00,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x00,0x00,0x0E,0x11,0x20,0x20,0xA0,0xFF,0x80,/* q 81 */
+ 0x80,0x80,0x80,0x00,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x00,0x20,0x20,0x3F,0x21,0x20,0x00,0x01,0x00,/* r 82 */
+ 0x00,0x00,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x00,0x00,0x33,0x24,0x24,0x24,0x24,0x19,0x00,/* s 83 */
+ 0x00,0x80,0x80,0xE0,0x80,0x80,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x1F,0x20,0x20,0x00,0x00,/* t 84 */
+ 0x80,0x80,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x80,0x80,0x00,0x00,0x1F,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x10,0x3F,0x20,/* u 85 */
+ 0x80,0x80,0x80,0x00,0x00,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x00,0x01,0x0E,0x30,0x08,0x06,0x01,0x00,/* v 86 */
+ 0x80,0x80,0x00,0x80,0x00,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x0F,0x30,0x0C,0x03,0x0C,0x30,0x0F,0x00,/* w 87 */
+ 0x00,0x80,0x80,0x00,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x00,0x00,0x20,0x31,0x2E,0x0E,0x31,0x20,0x00,/* x 88 */
+ 0x80,0x80,0x80,0x00,0x00,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x81,0x8E,0x70,0x18,0x06,0x01,0x00,/* y 89 */
+ 0x00,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x00,0x00,0x21,0x30,0x2C,0x22,0x21,0x30,0x00,/* z 90 */
+ 0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x80,0x7C,0x02,0x02,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x3F,0x40,0x40,/* { 91 */
+ 0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0xFF,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0xFF,0x00,0x00,0x00,/* | 92 */
+ 0x00,0x02,0x02,0x7C,0x80,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x40,0x40,0x3F,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,/* } 93 */
+ 0x00,0x06,0x01,0x01,0x02,0x02,0x04,0x04,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,/* ~ 94 */
+};
+
+/*+--------------------------------+
+ *| BMP Logo for 128x32 |
+ *+--------------------------------+*/
+
+/* lingyun-128x32.bmp 使用 PCtoLCD.exe 取模软件生成配置(图形模式)： 阴码、列行式、逆向、十六进制数、C51格式 */
+const uint8_t bmp_logo[] = {
+ 0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,
+ 0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,
+ 0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,
+ 0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,
+ 0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,
+ 0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,
+ 0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x03,0x03,0xFF,0xFF,0x03,0x03,0x00,0x00,
+ 0x00,0xFC,0xFE,0x87,0x03,0x03,0x87,0xFE,0xFC,0x00,0x03,0x03,0xFF,0xFF,0x03,0x03,
+ 0x00,0x00,0xF8,0xF8,0xF8,0xF8,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,
+ 0x78,0x78,0x78,0x78,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x80,0xC0,0xE0,0xF0,0xF8,0xF8,0x78,0x78,0x78,
+ 0xF8,0xF8,0xF8,0xF0,0xE0,0x80,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x80,0x80,0xE0,0xE0,0xF0,0xF0,0x78,
+ 0x78,0x78,0x78,0x78,0x78,0xF0,0xF0,0xE0,0xE0,0xC0,0x80,0x00,0x00,0xF0,0xF0,0xF0,
+ 0xF0,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0xF0,0xF0,0xF0,0xF0,0xF0,0x00,0x00,0xF0,0xF0,
+ 0xF0,0xF0,0xF0,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0xF0,0xF0,0xF0,0xF0,0x00,0x00,0x00,
+ 0xC0,0xE0,0xF0,0xF8,0xF8,0xF8,0xF8,0xF8,0xFB,0xFB,0xF3,0xF3,0xE3,0xC3,0x00,0x03,
+ 0x03,0x00,0x01,0x03,0x03,0x03,0x03,0x01,0x00,0x03,0x03,0x00,0x03,0x03,0x00,0x00,
+ 0x00,0x00,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,
+ 0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0x00,0x00,0x00,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0x01,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,
+ 0x00,0x01,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0x00,0x00,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0x07,0x03,0x00,0x00,
+ 0x00,0x00,0xE0,0xE0,0xE0,0xE0,0xE1,0xE3,0xE3,0xE3,0xE3,0xE0,0x00,0x1F,0x3F,0x7F,
+ 0xFF,0xFC,0xF0,0xE0,0xF0,0xF0,0xF8,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0x3F,0x1F,0x00,0x00,0xFF,0xFF,
+ 0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0x00,0x00,0x00,
+ 0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0x00,0x00,
+ 0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,
+ 0x00,0x00,0x7F,0x7F,0x7F,0x7F,0x70,0x70,0x70,0x70,0x70,0x70,0x70,0x70,0x00,0x00,
+ 0x7F,0x7F,0x7F,0x7F,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x7F,0x7F,0x7F,0x7F,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,
+ 0x00,0x00,0x7F,0x7F,0x7F,0x7F,0x00,0x00,0x03,0x0F,0x1F,0x3F,0x7E,0x7C,0x78,0x70,
+ 0x70,0x60,0x61,0x71,0x71,0x7F,0x7F,0x7F,0x3F,0x1F,0x07,0x03,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,
+ 0x00,0x01,0x7F,0x7F,0x7F,0x7F,0x7F,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x0F,0x1F,
+ 0x3F,0x7F,0x7F,0x78,0x70,0x70,0x70,0x70,0x78,0x7F,0x3F,0x1F,0x0F,0x00,0x00,0x00,
+ 0x7F,0x7F,0x7F,0x7F,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x7F,0x7F,0x7F,0x7F,0x00,0x00,
+ 0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00
+};
+
+/*+--------------------------------+
+ *| Chinese Font 16x16 SongTi |
+ *+--------------------------------+*/
+
+/* 汉字生成使用 PCtoLCD.exe(字符模式)：宋体、16x16、阴码、列行式、逆向、十六进制数、C51格式
+ * 每个汉字 32 字节 (16x16 点阵, 上下各 16 字节分属两页)
+ */
+
+/* 宋体 16X16: 凌云实验室 */
+const uint8_t Hzk_LingYun[][HZK_CHAR_BYTES]=
+{
+ {0x00,0x02,0x0C,0xC0,0x00,0x20,0xA4,0x64,0xA4,0x3F,0x24,0x64,0xA4,0x20,0x20,0x00},
+ {0x02,0x02,0x7F,0x00,0x80,0x89,0x44,0x46,0x2B,0x12,0x2A,0x46,0x80,0x81,0x00,0x00},/*"凌",0*/
+
+ {0x40,0x40,0x42,0x42,0x42,0x42,0xC2,0x42,0x42,0x42,0x42,0x42,0x42,0x40,0x40,0x00},
+ {0x00,0x20,0x70,0x28,0x24,0x23,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x24,0x28,0x30,0xE0,0x00,0x00,0x00},/*"云",1*/
+
+ {0x10,0x0C,0x04,0x84,0x14,0x64,0x05,0x06,0xF4,0x04,0x04,0x04,0x04,0x14,0x0C,0x00},
+ {0x04,0x84,0x84,0x44,0x47,0x24,0x14,0x0C,0x07,0x0C,0x14,0x24,0x44,0x84,0x04,0x00},/*"实",2*/
+
+ {0x02,0xFA,0x82,0x82,0xFE,0x80,0x40,0x20,0x50,0x4C,0x43,0x4C,0x50,0x20,0x40,0x00},
+ {0x08,0x18,0x48,0x84,0x44,0x3F,0x40,0x44,0x58,0x41,0x4E,0x60,0x58,0x47,0x40,0x00},/*"验",3*/
+
+ {0x10,0x0C,0x24,0x24,0xA4,0x64,0x25,0x26,0x24,0x24,0xA4,0x24,0x24,0x14,0x0C,0x00},
+ {0x40,0x40,0x48,0x49,0x49,0x49,0x49,0x7F,0x49,0x49,0x49,0x4B,0x48,0x40,0x40,0x00},/*"室",4*/
+};
+
+/* 宋体 16x16： 温度 */
+const uint8_t Hzk_Temp[][HZK_CHAR_BYTES]=
+{
+ {0x10,0x60,0x02,0x8C,0x00,0x00,0xFE,0x92,0x92,0x92,0x92,0x92,0xFE,0x00,0x00,0x00},
+ {0x04,0x04,0x7E,0x01,0x40,0x7E,0x42,0x42,0x7E,0x42,0x7E,0x42,0x42,0x7E,0x40,0x00},/*"温",0*/
+
+ {0x00,0x00,0xFC,0x24,0x24,0x24,0xFC,0x25,0x26,0x24,0xFC,0x24,0x24,0x24,0x04,0x00},
+ {0x40,0x30,0x8F,0x80,0x84,0x4C,0x55,0x25,0x25,0x25,0x55,0x4C,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x00},/*"度",1*/
+};
+
+/* 宋体 16x16： 湿度 */
+const uint8_t Hzk_Humd[][HZK_CHAR_BYTES]=
+{
+ {0x10,0x60,0x02,0x8C,0x00,0xFE,0x92,0x92,0x92,0x92,0x92,0x92,0xFE,0x00,0x00,0x00},
+ {0x04,0x04,0x7E,0x01,0x44,0x48,0x50,0x7F,0x40,0x40,0x7F,0x50,0x48,0x44,0x40,0x00},/*"湿",0*/
+
+ {0x00,0x00,0xFC,0x24,0x24,0x24,0xFC,0x25,0x26,0x24,0xFC,0x24,0x24,0x24,0x04,0x00},
+ {0x40,0x30,0x8F,0x80,0x84,0x4C,0x55,0x25,0x25,0x25,0x55,0x4C,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x00},/*"度",1*/
+};
+
+/* 宋体 16X16: 光强 */
+const uint8_t Hzk_Light[][HZK_CHAR_BYTES]=
+{
+ {0x40,0x40,0x42,0x44,0x58,0xC0,0x40,0x7F,0x40,0xC0,0x50,0x48,0x46,0x40,0x40,0x00},
+ {0x80,0x80,0x40,0x20,0x18,0x07,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x3F,0x40,0x40,0x40,0x40,0x78,0x00},/*"光",0*/
+
+ {0x02,0xE2,0x22,0x22,0x3E,0x00,0x80,0x9E,0x92,0x92,0xF2,0x92,0x92,0x9E,0x80,0x00},
+ {0x00,0x43,0x82,0x42,0x3E,0x40,0x47,0x44,0x44,0x44,0x7F,0x44,0x44,0x54,0xE7,0x00},/*"强",1*/
+};
+
+/* 宋体 16X16: 声音 */
+const uint8_t Hzk_Noisy[][HZK_CHAR_BYTES]=
+{
+ {0x04,0x14,0xD4,0x54,0x54,0x54,0x54,0xDF,0x54,0x54,0x54,0x54,0xD4,0x14,0x04,0x00},
+ {0x80,0x60,0x1F,0x02,0x02,0x02,0x02,0x03,0x02,0x02,0x02,0x02,0x03,0x00,0x00,0x00},/*"声",0*/
+
+ {0x40,0x40,0x44,0x44,0x54,0x64,0x45,0x46,0x44,0x64,0x54,0x44,0x44,0x40,0x40,0x00},
+ {0x00,0x00,0x00,0xFF,0x49,0x49,0x49,0x49,0x49,0x49,0x49,0xFF,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00},/*"音",1*/
+};
diff --git a/ex2.i2c-bitbang/Board/oled_font.h b/ex2.i2c-bitbang/Board/oled_font.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7439ff2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ex2.i2c-bitbang/Board/oled_font.h
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+/**********************************************************************
+* Copyright: (C)2021 LingYun IoT System Studio <www.weike-iot.com>
+* Author: GuoWenxue<guowenxue@gmail.com> QQ: 281143292
+* Description: ISKBoard OLED font data (PCtoLCD.exe generated)
+*
+* ChangeLog:
+* Version Date Author Description
+* V1.0.0 2021.08.10 GuoWenxue Release initial version
+***********************************************************************/
+
+#ifndef __OLED_FONT_H
+#define __OLED_FONT_H
+
+#include <stdint.h>
+
+/*+--------------------------------+
+ *| ASCII font size 6x8 |
+ *+--------------------------------+*/
+#define F6x8_COUNT 95
+extern const uint8_t F6x8[][6];
+
+/*+--------------------------------+
+ *| ASCII font size 8x16 |
+ *+--------------------------------+*/
+#define F8X16_CHAR_BYTES 16
+#define F8X16_COUNT 95
+extern const uint8_t F8X16[];
+
+/*+--------------------------------+
+ *| BMP Logo for 128x32 |
+ *+--------------------------------+*/
+#define BMP_LOGO_WIDTH 128
+#define BMP_LOGO_HEIGHT 32
+#define BMP_LOGO_SIZE (BMP_LOGO_WIDTH * BMP_LOGO_HEIGHT / 8)
+extern const uint8_t bmp_logo[];
+
+/*+--------------------------------+
+ *| Chinese Font 16x16 SongTi |
+ *+--------------------------------+*/
+
+/* 每个汉字 32 字节 (16x16 点阵, 上下各 16 字节分属两页) */
+#define HZK_CHAR_BYTES 32
+
+/* 宋体 16X16: 凌云实验室 */
+#define HZK_LEN_LINGYUN 5
+extern const uint8_t Hzk_LingYun[][HZK_CHAR_BYTES];
+
+/* 宋体 16x16： 温度 */
+#define HZK_LEN_TEMP 2
+extern const uint8_t Hzk_Temp[][HZK_CHAR_BYTES];
+
+/* 宋体 16x16： 湿度 */
+#define HZK_LEN_HUMD 2
+extern const uint8_t Hzk_Humd[][HZK_CHAR_BYTES];
+
+/* 宋体 16X16: 光强 */
+#define HZK_LEN_LIGHT 2
+extern const uint8_t Hzk_Light[][HZK_CHAR_BYTES];
+
+/* 宋体 16X16: 声音 */
+#define HZK_LEN_NOISY 2
+extern const uint8_t Hzk_Noisy[][HZK_CHAR_BYTES];
+
+#endif /* __OLED_FONT_H */
diff --git a/ex2.i2c-bitbang/Board/sht20.c b/ex2.i2c-bitbang/Board/sht20.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5352041
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ex2.i2c-bitbang/Board/sht20.c
@@ -0,0 +1,226 @@
+/**********************************************************************
+ * Copyright: (C)2024 LingYun IoT System Studio
+ * Author: GuoWenxue<guowenxue@gmail.com>
+ *
+ * Description: SHT20 Temperature & humidity sensor driver on ISKBoard
+ *
+ * ChangeLog:
+ * Version Date Author Description
+ * V1.0.0 2024.08.29 GuoWenxue Release initial version
+ *
+ ***********************************************************************/
+
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include "sht20.h"
+#include "miscdev.h" /* udelay() / mdelay() */
+
+/* SHT20 7位标准 I2C 从机地址 */
+#define SHT20_I2C_ADDR 0x40
+
+/* SHT20 控制指令 (No Hold Master) */
+#define SHT20_CMD_TRIG_T 0xF3 /* 触发温度测量 (非阻塞) */
+#define SHT20_CMD_TRIG_RH 0xF5 /* 触发湿度测量 (非阻塞) */
+#define SHT20_CMD_SOFT_RESET 0xFE /* 软件复位 */
+
+/* I2C 设备 SHT20 */
+static i2c_dev_t sht20;
+
+/* 前置静态辅助函数声明 */
+static uint8_t sht20_check_crc(uint8_t *data, uint8_t nbytes, uint8_t checksum);
+i2c_status_t sht20_read_value(i2c_dev_t *sht20, uint8_t cmd, float *value);
+
+/**
+ * @brief SHT20 初始化并软复位芯片
+ * @param bus: 绑定的 I2C 物理总线指针
+ * @retval 0: 成功; -1: 失败
+ */
+int sht20_init(i2c_bus_t *bus)
+{
+ uint8_t cmd = SHT20_CMD_SOFT_RESET;
+ int rv = 0;
+
+ if (!bus)
+ {
+ return -1;
+ }
+
+ mdelay(20);
+
+ /* 绑定设备及其设备号到 I2C 总线上 */
+ i2c_bind_dev(&sht20, bus, SHT20_I2C_ADDR);
+
+ /* 将I2C总线加锁让设备独占总线 */
+ i2c_lock_dev(&sht20);
+
+ /* 向 SHT20 发送软件复位指令，并等待复位完成 */
+ i2c_write_no_reg(sht20.bus, sht20.dev_addr, &cmd, 1);
+ mdelay(20);
+
+ /* 释放设备的 I2C 总线锁 */
+ i2c_free_dev(&sht20);
+ return rv;
+}
+
+/**
+ * @brief 应用层温湿度采样接口函数 (带总线锁)
+ * @param temperature: 存放输出温度结果的指针
+ * @param humidity: 存放输出湿度结果的指针
+ * @retval 0: 采样成功且CRC通过; -1: 采样或校验失败
+ */
+int sht20_sample_TrH(float *temperature, float *humidity)
+{
+ int rv = -1;
+
+ if( !temperature || !humidity )
+ {
+ return -1;
+ }
+
+ /* 将I2C总线加锁让设备独占总线 */
+ i2c_lock_dev(&sht20);
+
+ /* 2. 采集温度 */
+ if (sht20_read_value(&sht20, SHT20_CMD_TRIG_T, temperature) != I2C_OK)
+ {
+ goto cleanup;
+ }
+
+ /* 3. 采集湿度 */
+ if (sht20_read_value(&sht20, SHT20_CMD_TRIG_RH, humidity) != I2C_OK)
+ {
+ goto cleanup;
+ }
+
+ rv = 0;
+
+cleanup:
+ /* 4. 释放总线并解锁 */
+ i2c_free_dev(&sht20);
+ return rv;
+}
+
+/**
+ * @brief SHT20 硬件标准 CRC-8 校验
+ * @note 多项式 P(x) = x^8 + x^5 + x^4 + 1 = 1 0011 0001 = 0x31
+ * @param data: 待校验的数据缓冲区指针 (含 High Byte 和 Low Byte)
+ * @param nbytes: 校验的数据长度 (固定为 2 字节)
+ * @param checksum: SHT20 芯片硬件返回的 CRC 结果字节
+ * @retval 0: 校验通过; 其余值: 校验失败
+ */
+static uint8_t sht20_check_crc(uint8_t *data, uint8_t nbytes, uint8_t checksum)
+{
+ uint8_t crc = 0x00; /* 初始值为 0 */
+ uint8_t byte_ctr;
+ uint8_t bit;
+
+ /* 逐个字节计算 */
+ for (byte_ctr = 0; byte_ctr < nbytes; ++byte_ctr)
+ {
+ crc ^= (data[byte_ctr]);
+
+ /* 按位进行模二除法 */
+ for (bit = 8; bit > 0; --bit)
+ {
+ if (crc & 0x80)
+ {
+ crc = (uint8_t)((crc << 1) ^ 0x31);
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ crc = (uint8_t)(crc << 1);
+ }
+ }
+ }
+
+ if (crc != checksum)
+ {
+ return 1; /* 校验不匹配 */
+ }
+
+ return 0; /* 成功 */
+}
+
+/**
+ * @brief 读取温湿度的底层通用核心函数 (加入完备的 CRC-8 硬件校验)
+ */
+i2c_status_t sht20_read_value(i2c_dev_t *dev, uint8_t cmd, float *value)
+{
+ uint8_t raw_data[2];
+ uint8_t crc_byte;
+ uint8_t rx_buf[3];
+ uint16_t raw_result;
+ uint32_t poll_timeout = 2000;
+ i2c_status_t status;
+
+ if ( !value )
+ {
+ return I2C_ERROR;
+ }
+
+ /* 1. 发送触发测量命令 (无寄存器写模式) */
+ status = i2c_write_no_reg(dev->bus, dev->dev_addr, &cmd, 1);
+ if (status != I2C_OK)
+ {
+ return I2C_ERROR;
+ }
+
+ /* 根据测量指令进行预留的 ADC 硬件转换安全延时 */
+ if (cmd == SHT20_CMD_TRIG_T)
+ {
+ mdelay(65);
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ mdelay(25);
+ }
+
+ /* 2. 利用高级读 API 的内部寻址应答机制等待芯片转换完成 */
+ while (poll_timeout--)
+ {
+ /* SHT20 在进行 ADC 转换时，它会对读模式寻址返回 NACK。
+ * i2c_read_no_reg() 发现地址无应答，会自动发 Stop 并返回错误。
+ * 我们直接利用这一机制作为非阻塞就绪判断！
+ */
+ status = i2c_read_no_reg(dev->bus, dev->dev_addr, rx_buf, 3);
+ if (status == I2C_OK)
+ {
+ /* 读取成功，3 字节（高、低、CRC）*/
+ break;
+ }
+
+ udelay(100);
+ }
+
+ if (poll_timeout == 0)
+ {
+ return I2C_ERROR;
+ }
+
+ /* 3. 分离出读回的 High Byte, Low Byte 以及 CRC 校验码 */
+ raw_data[0] = rx_buf[0];
+ raw_data[1] = rx_buf[1];
+ crc_byte = rx_buf[2];
+
+ /* 4. 执行 CRC-8 校验 */
+ if (sht20_check_crc(raw_data, 2, crc_byte) != 0)
+ {
+ printf("SHT20 CRC Check Failed!\r\n");
+ return I2C_ERROR;
+ }
+
+ /* 5. 清除低 2 位状态位 */
+ raw_result = (uint16_t)((raw_data[0] << 8) | raw_data[1]);
+ raw_result &= ~0x0003;
+
+ /* 6. 代入物理公式转换 */
+ if (cmd == SHT20_CMD_TRIG_T)
+ {
+ *value = -46.85f + 175.72f * ((float)raw_result / 65536.0f);
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ *value = -6.0f + 125.0f * ((float)raw_result / 65536.0f);
+ }
+
+ return I2C_OK;
+}
diff --git a/ex2.i2c-bitbang/Board/sht20.h b/ex2.i2c-bitbang/Board/sht20.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0968ded
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ex2.i2c-bitbang/Board/sht20.h
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+/**********************************************************************
+ * Copyright: (C)2024 LingYun IoT System Studio
+ * Author: GuoWenxue<guowenxue@gmail.com>
+ *
+ * Description: SHT20 Temperature & humidity sensor driver on ISKBoard
+ *
+ * ChangeLog:
+ * Version Date Author Description
+ * V1.0.0 2024.08.29 GuoWenxue Release initial version
+ *
+ ***********************************************************************/
+
+#ifndef __SHT20_H
+#define __SHT20_H
+
+#include "i2c_bitbang.h"
+
+/**
+ * @brief SHT20 初始化并软复位芯片
+ * @param bus: 绑定的 I2C 物理总线指针
+ * @retval 0: 成功; -1: 失败
+ */
+extern int sht20_init(i2c_bus_t *bus);
+
+/**
+ * @brief 应用层温湿度采样接口函数
+ * @param temperature: 存放输出温度结果的指针
+ * @param humidity: 存放输出湿度结果的指针
+ * @retval 0: 采样成功且CRC通过; -1: 采样或校验失败
+ */
+extern int sht20_sample_TrH(float *temperature, float *humidity);
+
+#endif
diff --git a/ex2.i2c-bitbang/CMakeLists.txt b/ex2.i2c-bitbang/CMakeLists.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2c732da
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ex2.i2c-bitbang/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.22)
+
+#
+# This file is generated only once,
+# and is not re-generated if converter is called multiple times.
+#
+# User is free to modify the file as much as necessary
+#
+
+# Setup compiler settings
+set(CMAKE_C_STANDARD 11)
+set(CMAKE_C_STANDARD_REQUIRED ON)
+set(CMAKE_C_EXTENSIONS ON)
+
+
+# Define the build type
+if(NOT CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE)
+ set(CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE "Debug")
+endif()
+
+# Set the project name
+set(CMAKE_PROJECT_NAME ISKBoard)
+
+# Enable compile command to ease indexing with e.g. clangd
+set(CMAKE_EXPORT_COMPILE_COMMANDS TRUE)
+
+# Core project settings
+project(${CMAKE_PROJECT_NAME})
+message("Build type: " ${CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE})
+
+# Enable CMake support for ASM and C languages
+enable_language(C ASM)
+
+# Create an executable object type
+add_executable(${CMAKE_PROJECT_NAME})
+
+# Add STM32CubeMX generated sources
+add_subdirectory(cmake/stm32cubemx)
+
+# Add our custom module subdirectories here
+add_subdirectory(Board)
+
+# Link directories setup
+target_link_directories(${CMAKE_PROJECT_NAME} PRIVATE
+ # Add user defined library search paths
+)
+
+# Add sources to executable
+target_sources(${CMAKE_PROJECT_NAME} PRIVATE
+ # Add user sources here
+)
+
+# Add include paths
+target_include_directories(${CMAKE_PROJECT_NAME} PRIVATE
+ # Add user defined include paths
+)
+
+# Add project symbols (macros)
+target_compile_definitions(${CMAKE_PROJECT_NAME} PRIVATE
+ # Add user defined symbols
+)
+
+# Remove wrong libob.a library dependency when using cpp files
+list(REMOVE_ITEM CMAKE_C_IMPLICIT_LINK_LIBRARIES ob)
+
+# Add linked libraries
+target_link_libraries(${CMAKE_PROJECT_NAME}
+ stm32cubemx
+ board
+
+ # Add user defined libraries
+)
+
+# Setup linker settings
+set(CMAKE_EXE_LINKER_FLAGS "${CMAKE_EXE_LINKER_FLAGS} -u _printf_float")
diff --git a/ex2.i2c-bitbang/Core/Src/main.c b/ex2.i2c-bitbang/Core/Src/main.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ec11a87
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ex2.i2c-bitbang/Core/Src/main.c
@@ -0,0 +1,323 @@
+/* USER CODE BEGIN Header */
+/**
+ ******************************************************************************
+ * @file : main.c
+ * @brief : Main program body
+ ******************************************************************************
+ * @attention
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2026 STMicroelectronics.
+ * All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * This software is licensed under terms that can be found in the LICENSE file
+ * in the root directory of this software component.
+ * If no LICENSE file comes with this software, it is provided AS-IS.
+ *
+ ******************************************************************************
+ */
+/* USER CODE END Header */
+/* Includes ------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+#include "main.h"
+#include "adc.h"
+#include "tim.h"
+#include "usart.h"
+#include "gpio.h"
+
+/* Private includes ----------------------------------------------------------*/
+/* USER CODE BEGIN Includes */
+#include "miscdev.h"
+#include "sht20.h"
+#include "ds18b20.h"
+#include "isl1208.h"
+#include "oled_drv.h"
+#include "oled_font.h"
+/* USER CODE END Includes */
+
+/* Private typedef -----------------------------------------------------------*/
+/* USER CODE BEGIN PTD */
+
+/* USER CODE END PTD */
+
+/* Private define ------------------------------------------------------------*/
+/* USER CODE BEGIN PD */
+
+/* USER CODE END PD */
+
+/* Private macro -------------------------------------------------------------*/
+/* USER CODE BEGIN PM */
+
+/* USER CODE END PM */
+
+/* Private variables ---------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+/* USER CODE BEGIN PV */
+
+/* USER CODE END PV */
+
+/* Private function prototypes -----------------------------------------------*/
+void SystemClock_Config(void);
+/* USER CODE BEGIN PFP */
+
+/* USER CODE END PFP */
+
+/* Private user code ---------------------------------------------------------*/
+/* USER CODE BEGIN 0 */
+
+/**
+ * @brief OLED显示时间
+ */
+void oled_show_time(void)
+{
+ rtc_time_t tm;
+ char buf[64];
+
+ /* 获取RTC时间并保存到 buf */
+ isl1208_get_time(&tm);
+ snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "20%02d-%02d-%02d %02d:%02d:%02d",
+ tm.year, tm.month, tm.day,
+ tm.hour, tm.minute, tm.second);
+
+ /* 输出显示内容 OLED 屏幕上 */
+ OLED_Clear();
+ OLED_ShowString(10, OLED_PAGE2, buf, OLED_FONT8);
+ OLED_Refresh();
+
+ return;
+}
+
+void oled_show_rh(void)
+{
+ float temperature = 0.0;
+ float humidity = 0.0;
+ char buf[64];
+
+ /* 采样并输出显示内容到 buf */
+ sht20_sample_TrH(&temperature, &humidity);
+ snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%.2f'C %.2f%%RH", temperature, humidity);
+
+ /* 输出显示内容 OLED 屏幕上 */
+ OLED_Clear();
+ OLED_ShowString(10, OLED_PAGE2, buf, OLED_FONT8);
+ OLED_Refresh();
+
+ return;
+}
+
+void oled_show_logo(void)
+{
+ /* 输出显示内容 OLED 屏幕上 */
+ OLED_Clear();
+ OLED_DrawBMP(0, OLED_PAGE0, BMP_LOGO_WIDTH, BMP_LOGO_HEIGHT, bmp_logo);
+ OLED_Refresh();
+
+ return;
+}
+
+/* USER CODE END 0 */
+
+/**
+ * @brief The application entry point.
+ * @retval int
+ */
+int main(void)
+{
+
+ /* USER CODE BEGIN 1 */
+ float temperature;
+ /* 各个任务的计时基准 */
+ uint32_t now = 0;
+ uint32_t last_time_tick = 0;
+ uint32_t last_rh_tick = 0;
+ uint32_t last_logo_tick = 0;
+ uint32_t display_unlock_time = 0;
+
+ /* USER CODE END 1 */
+
+ /* MCU Configuration--------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+ /* Reset of all peripherals, Initializes the Flash interface and the Systick. */
+ HAL_Init();
+
+ /* USER CODE BEGIN Init */
+
+ /* USER CODE END Init */
+
+ /* Configure the system clock */
+ SystemClock_Config();
+
+ /* USER CODE BEGIN SysInit */
+
+ /* USER CODE END SysInit */
+
+ /* Initialize all configured peripherals */
+ MX_GPIO_Init();
+ MX_USART1_UART_Init();
+ MX_ADC1_Init();
+ MX_TIM6_Init();
+ MX_TIM1_Init();
+ /* USER CODE BEGIN 2 */
+ init_led();
+ i2c_init(&i2c1_bus);
+
+ beep_start(2, 300);
+ printf("ISKBoard: I2C Bitbang Drivers Demo.\r\n");
+
+ if( sht20_init(&i2c1_bus) != 0 )
+ {
+ printf("SHT20 Sensor init failed!\r\n");
+ }
+
+ if( isl1208_init(&i2c1_bus) != 0 )
+ {
+ printf("ISL1208 RTC init failed!\r\n");
+ }
+ isl1208_set_time_str("2026-07-09 21:15:30");
+
+ if( OLED_Init(&i2c1_bus) != 0 )
+ {
+ printf("OLED display init failed!\r\n");
+ }
+
+ OLED_Clear();
+ OLED_ShowString(30, OLED_PAGE2, "ISKBoard", OLED_FONT16);
+ OLED_Refresh();
+
+ ds18b20_sample(&temperature);
+ printf("DS18B20 sample temperature: %.2f'C\r\n", temperature);
+
+ /* USER CODE END 2 */
+
+ /* Infinite loop */
+ /* USER CODE BEGIN WHILE */
+ while (1)
+ {
+ /* 获取当前系统时间 */
+ now = HAL_GetTick();
+
+ /* 心跳灯任务：不需要锁屏，始终高频调用 */
+ heartbeat_led(3);
+
+ /* 检查屏幕是否处于“锁定”状态 (正在显示温湿度或Logo) */
+ if (now >= display_unlock_time)
+ {
+ /* 优先检查是否有高优先级任务触发 (Logo -> 温湿度) */
+ uint8_t is_displaying = 0;
+
+ /* 每隔 13s 显示 Logo，持续 1s */
+ if (now - last_logo_tick >= 13000)
+ {
+ oled_show_logo(); // 执行显示
+ last_logo_tick = now; // 重置Logo计时器
+ display_unlock_time = now + 1000;
+ is_displaying = 1;
+ }
+
+ /* 如果Logo刚显示了，本轮跳过温湿度 */
+ else if (now - last_rh_tick >= 5000)
+ {
+ oled_show_rh(); // 执行显示
+ last_rh_tick = now; // 重置温湿度计时器
+ display_unlock_time = now + 2000; // 锁屏 2s
+ is_displaying = 1;
+ }
+
+ /* 如果上面都没有显示特殊内容，则显示时间 */
+ if (is_displaying == 0)
+ {
+ if (now - last_time_tick >= 1000)
+ {
+ oled_show_time(); // 执行显示
+ last_time_tick = now; // 重置时间计时器
+ }
+ }
+ }
+
+ /* USER CODE END WHILE */
+
+ /* USER CODE BEGIN 3 */
+ }
+ /* USER CODE END 3 */
+}
+
+/**
+ * @brief System Clock Configuration
+ * @retval None
+ */
+void SystemClock_Config(void)
+{
+ RCC_OscInitTypeDef RCC_OscInitStruct = {0};
+ RCC_ClkInitTypeDef RCC_ClkInitStruct = {0};
+
+ /** Configure the main internal regulator output voltage
+ */
+ if (HAL_PWREx_ControlVoltageScaling(PWR_REGULATOR_VOLTAGE_SCALE1) != HAL_OK)
+ {
+ Error_Handler();
+ }
+
+ /** Initializes the RCC Oscillators according to the specified parameters
+ * in the RCC_OscInitTypeDef structure.
+ */
+ RCC_OscInitStruct.OscillatorType = RCC_OSCILLATORTYPE_HSE;
+ RCC_OscInitStruct.HSEState = RCC_HSE_ON;
+ RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLState = RCC_PLL_ON;
+ RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLSource = RCC_PLLSOURCE_HSE;
+ RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLM = 1;
+ RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLN = 20;
+ RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLP = RCC_PLLP_DIV7;
+ RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLQ = RCC_PLLQ_DIV2;
+ RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLR = RCC_PLLR_DIV2;
+ if (HAL_RCC_OscConfig(&RCC_OscInitStruct) != HAL_OK)
+ {
+ Error_Handler();
+ }
+
+ /** Initializes the CPU, AHB and APB buses clocks
+ */
+ RCC_ClkInitStruct.ClockType = RCC_CLOCKTYPE_HCLK|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_SYSCLK
+ |RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK1|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK2;
+ RCC_ClkInitStruct.SYSCLKSource = RCC_SYSCLKSOURCE_PLLCLK;
+ RCC_ClkInitStruct.AHBCLKDivider = RCC_SYSCLK_DIV1;
+ RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB1CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV1;
+ RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB2CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV1;
+
+ if (HAL_RCC_ClockConfig(&RCC_ClkInitStruct, FLASH_LATENCY_4) != HAL_OK)
+ {
+ Error_Handler();
+ }
+}
+
+/* USER CODE BEGIN 4 */
+
+/* USER CODE END 4 */
+
+/**
+ * @brief This function is executed in case of error occurrence.
+ * @retval None
+ */
+void Error_Handler(void)
+{
+ /* USER CODE BEGIN Error_Handler_Debug */
+ /* User can add his own implementation to report the HAL error return state */
+ __disable_irq();
+ while (1)
+ {
+ }
+ /* USER CODE END Error_Handler_Debug */
+}
+#ifdef USE_FULL_ASSERT
+/**
+ * @brief Reports the name of the source file and the source line number
+ * where the assert_param error has occurred.
+ * @param file: pointer to the source file name
+ * @param line: assert_param error line source number
+ * @retval None
+ */
+void assert_failed(uint8_t *file, uint32_t line)
+{
+ /* USER CODE BEGIN 6 */
+ /* User can add his own implementation to report the file name and line number,
+ ex: printf("Wrong parameters value: file %s on line %d\r\n", file, line) */
+ /* USER CODE END 6 */
+}
+#endif /* USE_FULL_ASSERT */
diff --git a/ex2.i2c-bitbang/ISKBoard.ioc b/ex2.i2c-bitbang/ISKBoard.ioc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8170d31
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ex2.i2c-bitbang/ISKBoard.ioc
@@ -0,0 +1,210 @@
+#MicroXplorer Configuration settings - do not modify
+ADC1.Channel-0\#ChannelRegularConversion=ADC_CHANNEL_15
+ADC1.CommonPathInternal=null|null|null|null
+ADC1.IPParameters=Rank-0\#ChannelRegularConversion,Channel-0\#ChannelRegularConversion,SamplingTime-0\#ChannelRegularConversion,OffsetNumber-0\#ChannelRegularConversion,NbrOfConversionFlag,master,NbrOfConversion,CommonPathInternal
+ADC1.NbrOfConversion=1
+ADC1.NbrOfConversionFlag=1
+ADC1.OffsetNumber-0\#ChannelRegularConversion=ADC_OFFSET_NONE
+ADC1.Rank-0\#ChannelRegularConversion=1
+ADC1.SamplingTime-0\#ChannelRegularConversion=ADC_SAMPLETIME_2CYCLES_5
+ADC1.master=1
+CAD.formats=
+CAD.pinconfig=
+CAD.provider=
+File.Version=6
+GPIO.groupedBy=Group By Peripherals
+KeepUserPlacement=false
+Mcu.CPN=STM32L431RCT6
+Mcu.Family=STM32L4
+Mcu.IP0=ADC1
+Mcu.IP1=NVIC
+Mcu.IP2=RCC
+Mcu.IP3=SYS
+Mcu.IP4=TIM1
+Mcu.IP5=TIM6
+Mcu.IP6=USART1
+Mcu.IPNb=7
+Mcu.Name=STM32L431R(B-C)Tx
+Mcu.Package=LQFP64
+Mcu.Pin0=PC14-OSC32_IN (PC14)
+Mcu.Pin1=PC15-OSC32_OUT (PC15)
+Mcu.Pin10=PC6
+Mcu.Pin11=PC9
+Mcu.Pin12=PA9
+Mcu.Pin13=PA10
+Mcu.Pin14=PA11
+Mcu.Pin15=PD2
+Mcu.Pin16=VP_SYS_VS_Systick
+Mcu.Pin17=VP_TIM6_VS_ClockSourceINT
+Mcu.Pin2=PH0-OSC_IN (PH0)
+Mcu.Pin3=PH1-OSC_OUT (PH1)
+Mcu.Pin4=PB0
+Mcu.Pin5=PB1
+Mcu.Pin6=PB2
+Mcu.Pin7=PB12
+Mcu.Pin8=PB13
+Mcu.Pin9=PB14
+Mcu.PinsNb=18
+Mcu.ThirdPartyNb=0
+Mcu.UserConstants=
+Mcu.UserName=STM32L431RCTx
+MxCube.Version=6.18.0
+MxDb.Version=DB.6.0.180
+NVIC.BusFault_IRQn=true\:0\:0\:false\:false\:true\:false\:false\:false
+NVIC.DebugMonitor_IRQn=true\:0\:0\:false\:false\:true\:false\:false\:false
+NVIC.EXTI15_10_IRQn=true\:2\:0\:true\:false\:true\:true\:true\:true
+NVIC.ForceEnableDMAVector=true
+NVIC.HardFault_IRQn=true\:0\:0\:false\:false\:true\:false\:false\:false
+NVIC.MemoryManagement_IRQn=true\:0\:0\:false\:false\:true\:false\:false\:false
+NVIC.NonMaskableInt_IRQn=true\:0\:0\:false\:false\:true\:false\:false\:false
+NVIC.PendSV_IRQn=true\:0\:0\:false\:false\:true\:false\:false\:false
+NVIC.PriorityGroup=NVIC_PRIORITYGROUP_4
+NVIC.SVCall_IRQn=true\:0\:0\:false\:false\:true\:false\:false\:false
+NVIC.SysTick_IRQn=true\:1\:0\:true\:false\:true\:false\:true\:false
+NVIC.UsageFault_IRQn=true\:0\:0\:false\:false\:true\:false\:false\:false
+PA10.Mode=Asynchronous
+PA10.Signal=USART1_RX
+PA11.GPIOParameters=GPIO_PuPd
+PA11.GPIO_PuPd=GPIO_PULLDOWN
+PA11.Locked=true
+PA11.Signal=S_TIM1_CH4
+PA9.Mode=Asynchronous
+PA9.Signal=USART1_TX
+PB0.Signal=ADCx_IN15
+PB1.Signal=ADCx_IN16
+PB12.GPIOParameters=GPIO_ModeDefaultEXTI
+PB12.GPIO_ModeDefaultEXTI=GPIO_MODE_IT_FALLING
+PB12.Locked=true
+PB12.Signal=GPXTI12
+PB13.GPIOParameters=GPIO_ModeDefaultEXTI
+PB13.GPIO_ModeDefaultEXTI=GPIO_MODE_IT_FALLING
+PB13.Locked=true
+PB13.Signal=GPXTI13
+PB14.GPIOParameters=GPIO_ModeDefaultEXTI
+PB14.GPIO_ModeDefaultEXTI=GPIO_MODE_IT_FALLING
+PB14.Locked=true
+PB14.Signal=GPXTI14
+PB2.Locked=true
+PB2.Signal=GPIO_Output
+PC14-OSC32_IN\ (PC14).Mode=LSE-External-Oscillator
+PC14-OSC32_IN\ (PC14).Signal=RCC_OSC32_IN
+PC15-OSC32_OUT\ (PC15).Mode=LSE-External-Oscillator
+PC15-OSC32_OUT\ (PC15).Signal=RCC_OSC32_OUT
+PC6.Locked=true
+PC6.Signal=GPIO_Output
+PC9.Locked=true
+PC9.Signal=GPIO_Output
+PD2.Locked=true
+PD2.Signal=GPIO_Output
+PH0-OSC_IN\ (PH0).Mode=HSE-External-Oscillator
+PH0-OSC_IN\ (PH0).Signal=RCC_OSC_IN
+PH1-OSC_OUT\ (PH1).Mode=HSE-External-Oscillator
+PH1-OSC_OUT\ (PH1).Signal=RCC_OSC_OUT
+PinOutPanel.RotationAngle=0
+ProjectManager.AskForMigrate=true
+ProjectManager.BackupPrevious=false
+ProjectManager.CompilerLinker=GCC
+ProjectManager.CompilerOptimize=6
+ProjectManager.ComputerToolchain=false
+ProjectManager.CoupleFile=true
+ProjectManager.CustomerFirmwarePackage=
+ProjectManager.DefaultFWLocation=true
+ProjectManager.DeletePrevious=true
+ProjectManager.DeviceId=STM32L431RCTx
+ProjectManager.FirmwarePackage=STM32Cube FW_L4 V1.18.2
+ProjectManager.FreePins=false
+ProjectManager.FreePinsContext=
+ProjectManager.HalAssertFull=false
+ProjectManager.HeapSize=0x200
+ProjectManager.KeepUserCode=true
+ProjectManager.LastFirmware=true
+ProjectManager.LibraryCopy=1
+ProjectManager.MainLocation=Core/Src
+ProjectManager.NoMain=false
+ProjectManager.PreviousToolchain=
+ProjectManager.ProjectBuild=false
+ProjectManager.ProjectFileName=ISKBoard.ioc
+ProjectManager.ProjectName=ISKBoard
+ProjectManager.ProjectStructure=
+ProjectManager.RegisterCallBack=
+ProjectManager.StackSize=0x400
+ProjectManager.TargetToolchain=CMake
+ProjectManager.ToolChainLocation=
+ProjectManager.UAScriptAfterPath=
+ProjectManager.UAScriptBeforePath=
+ProjectManager.UnderRoot=false
+ProjectManager.functionlistsort=1-SystemClock_Config-RCC-false-HAL-false,2-MX_GPIO_Init-GPIO-false-HAL-true,3-MX_USART1_UART_Init-USART1-false-HAL-true,4-MX_ADC1_Init-ADC1-false-HAL-true,5-MX_TIM6_Init-TIM6-false-HAL-true,6-MX_TIM1_Init-TIM1-false-HAL-true
+RCC.ADCFreq_Value=32000000
+RCC.AHBFreq_Value=80000000
+RCC.APB1Freq_Value=80000000
+RCC.APB1TimFreq_Value=80000000
+RCC.APB2Freq_Value=80000000
+RCC.APB2TimFreq_Value=80000000
+RCC.CortexFreq_Value=80000000
+RCC.FCLKCortexFreq_Value=80000000
+RCC.FamilyName=M
+RCC.HCLKFreq_Value=80000000
+RCC.HSE_VALUE=8000000
+RCC.HSI48_VALUE=48000000
+RCC.HSI_VALUE=16000000
+RCC.I2C1Freq_Value=80000000
+RCC.I2C2Freq_Value=80000000
+RCC.I2C3Freq_Value=80000000
+RCC.IPParameters=ADCFreq_Value,AHBFreq_Value,APB1Freq_Value,APB1TimFreq_Value,APB2Freq_Value,APB2TimFreq_Value,CortexFreq_Value,FCLKCortexFreq_Value,FamilyName,HCLKFreq_Value,HSE_VALUE,HSI48_VALUE,HSI_VALUE,I2C1Freq_Value,I2C2Freq_Value,I2C3Freq_Value,LPTIM1Freq_Value,LPTIM2Freq_Value,LPUART1Freq_Value,LSCOPinFreq_Value,LSI_VALUE,MCO1PinFreq_Value,MSI_VALUE,PLLN,PLLPoutputFreq_Value,PLLQoutputFreq_Value,PLLRCLKFreq_Value,PLLSAI1PoutputFreq_Value,PLLSAI1QoutputFreq_Value,PLLSAI1RoutputFreq_Value,PLLSourceVirtual,PWRFreq_Value,RNGFreq_Value,SAI1Freq_Value,SDMMCFreq_Value,SWPMI1Freq_Value,SYSCLKFreq_VALUE,SYSCLKSource,USART1Freq_Value,USART2Freq_Value,USART3Freq_Value,VCOInputFreq_Value,VCOOutputFreq_Value,VCOSAI1OutputFreq_Value
+RCC.LPTIM1Freq_Value=80000000
+RCC.LPTIM2Freq_Value=80000000
+RCC.LPUART1Freq_Value=80000000
+RCC.LSCOPinFreq_Value=32000
+RCC.LSI_VALUE=32000
+RCC.MCO1PinFreq_Value=80000000
+RCC.MSI_VALUE=4000000
+RCC.PLLN=20
+RCC.PLLPoutputFreq_Value=22857142.85714286
+RCC.PLLQoutputFreq_Value=80000000
+RCC.PLLRCLKFreq_Value=80000000
+RCC.PLLSAI1PoutputFreq_Value=9142857.142857144
+RCC.PLLSAI1QoutputFreq_Value=32000000
+RCC.PLLSAI1RoutputFreq_Value=32000000
+RCC.PLLSourceVirtual=RCC_PLLSOURCE_HSE
+RCC.PWRFreq_Value=80000000
+RCC.RNGFreq_Value=32000000
+RCC.SAI1Freq_Value=9142857.142857144
+RCC.SDMMCFreq_Value=32000000
+RCC.SWPMI1Freq_Value=80000000
+RCC.SYSCLKFreq_VALUE=80000000
+RCC.SYSCLKSource=RCC_SYSCLKSOURCE_PLLCLK
+RCC.USART1Freq_Value=80000000
+RCC.USART2Freq_Value=80000000
+RCC.USART3Freq_Value=80000000
+RCC.VCOInputFreq_Value=8000000
+RCC.VCOOutputFreq_Value=160000000
+RCC.VCOSAI1OutputFreq_Value=64000000
+SH.ADCx_IN15.0=ADC1_IN15,IN15-Single-Ended
+SH.ADCx_IN15.ConfNb=1
+SH.ADCx_IN16.0=ADC1_IN16,IN16-Single-Ended
+SH.ADCx_IN16.ConfNb=1
+SH.GPXTI12.0=GPIO_EXTI12
+SH.GPXTI12.ConfNb=1
+SH.GPXTI13.0=GPIO_EXTI13
+SH.GPXTI13.ConfNb=1
+SH.GPXTI14.0=GPIO_EXTI14
+SH.GPXTI14.ConfNb=1
+SH.S_TIM1_CH4.0=TIM1_CH4,PWM Generation4 CH4
+SH.S_TIM1_CH4.ConfNb=1
+TIM1.Channel-PWM\ Generation4\ CH4=TIM_CHANNEL_4
+TIM1.IPParameters=Channel-PWM Generation4 CH4,Prescaler,RepetitionCounter,Period,Pulse-PWM Generation4 CH4
+TIM1.Period=370-1
+TIM1.Prescaler=80-1
+TIM1.Pulse-PWM\ Generation4\ CH4=185
+TIM1.RepetitionCounter=0
+TIM6.AutoReloadPreload=TIM_AUTORELOAD_PRELOAD_DISABLE
+TIM6.IPParameters=Prescaler,Period,AutoReloadPreload
+TIM6.Period=1
+TIM6.Prescaler=80-1
+USART1.IPParameters=VirtualMode-Asynchronous
+USART1.VirtualMode-Asynchronous=VM_ASYNC
+VP_SYS_VS_Systick.Mode=SysTick
+VP_SYS_VS_Systick.Signal=SYS_VS_Systick
+VP_TIM6_VS_ClockSourceINT.Mode=Enable_Timer
+VP_TIM6_VS_ClockSourceINT.Signal=TIM6_VS_ClockSourceINT
+board=custom
diff --git a/ex2.i2c-bitbang/MDK-ARM/ISKBoard.uvoptx b/ex2.i2c-bitbang/MDK-ARM/ISKBoard.uvoptx
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7f7eb1e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ex2.i2c-bitbang/MDK-ARM/ISKBoard.uvoptx
@@ -0,0 +1,753 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no" ?>
+<ProjectOpt xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation="project_optx.xsd">
+
+ <SchemaVersion>1.0</SchemaVersion>
+
+ <Header>### uVision Project, (C) Keil Software</Header>
+
+ <Extensions>
+ <cExt>*.c</cExt>
+ <aExt>*.s*; *.src; *.a*</aExt>
+ <oExt>*.obj; *.o</oExt>
+ <lExt>*.lib</lExt>
+ <tExt>*.txt; *.h; *.inc; *.md</tExt>
+ <pExt>*.plm</pExt>
+ <CppX>*.cpp</CppX>
+ <nMigrate>0</nMigrate>
+ </Extensions>
+
+ <DaveTm>
+ <dwLowDateTime>0</dwLowDateTime>
+ <dwHighDateTime>0</dwHighDateTime>
+ </DaveTm>
+
+ <Target>
+ <TargetName>ISKBoard</TargetName>
+ <ToolsetNumber>0x4</ToolsetNumber>
+ <ToolsetName>ARM-ADS</ToolsetName>
+ <TargetOption>
+ <CLKADS>8000000</CLKADS>
+ <OPTTT>
+ <gFlags>1</gFlags>
+ <BeepAtEnd>1</BeepAtEnd>
+ <RunSim>0</RunSim>
+ <RunTarget>1</RunTarget>
+ <RunAbUc>0</RunAbUc>
+ </OPTTT>
+ <OPTHX>
+ <HexSelection>1</HexSelection>
+ <FlashByte>65535</FlashByte>
+ <HexRangeLowAddress>0</HexRangeLowAddress>
+ <HexRangeHighAddress>0</HexRangeHighAddress>
+ <HexOffset>0</HexOffset>
+ </OPTHX>
+ <OPTLEX>
+ <PageWidth>79</PageWidth>
+ <PageLength>66</PageLength>
+ <TabStop>8</TabStop>
+ <ListingPath></ListingPath>
+ </OPTLEX>
+ <ListingPage>
+ <CreateCListing>1</CreateCListing>
+ <CreateAListing>1</CreateAListing>
+ <CreateLListing>1</CreateLListing>
+ <CreateIListing>0</CreateIListing>
+ <AsmCond>1</AsmCond>
+ <AsmSymb>1</AsmSymb>
+ <AsmXref>0</AsmXref>
+ <CCond>1</CCond>
+ <CCode>0</CCode>
+ <CListInc>0</CListInc>
+ <CSymb>0</CSymb>
+ <LinkerCodeListing>0</LinkerCodeListing>
+ </ListingPage>
+ <OPTXL>
+ <LMap>1</LMap>
+ <LComments>1</LComments>
+ <LGenerateSymbols>1</LGenerateSymbols>
+ <LLibSym>1</LLibSym>
+ <LLines>1</LLines>
+ <LLocSym>1</LLocSym>
+ <LPubSym>1</LPubSym>
+ <LXref>0</LXref>
+ <LExpSel>0</LExpSel>
+ </OPTXL>
+ <OPTFL>
+ <tvExp>1</tvExp>
+ <tvExpOptDlg>0</tvExpOptDlg>
+ <IsCurrentTarget>1</IsCurrentTarget>
+ </OPTFL>
+ <CpuCode>18</CpuCode>
+ <DebugOpt>
+ <uSim>0</uSim>
+ <uTrg>1</uTrg>
+ <sLdApp>1</sLdApp>
+ <sGomain>1</sGomain>
+ <sRbreak>1</sRbreak>
+ <sRwatch>1</sRwatch>
+ <sRmem>1</sRmem>
+ <sRfunc>1</sRfunc>
+ <sRbox>1</sRbox>
+ <tLdApp>1</tLdApp>
+ <tGomain>1</tGomain>
+ <tRbreak>1</tRbreak>
+ <tRwatch>1</tRwatch>
+ <tRmem>1</tRmem>
+ <tRfunc>1</tRfunc>
+ <tRbox>1</tRbox>
+ <tRtrace>1</tRtrace>
+ <sRSysVw>1</sRSysVw>
+ <tRSysVw>1</tRSysVw>
+ <sRunDeb>0</sRunDeb>
+ <sLrtime>0</sLrtime>
+ <bEvRecOn>1</bEvRecOn>
+ <bSchkAxf>0</bSchkAxf>
+ <bTchkAxf>0</bTchkAxf>
+ <nTsel>6</nTsel>
+ <sDll></sDll>
+ <sDllPa></sDllPa>
+ <sDlgDll></sDlgDll>
+ <sDlgPa></sDlgPa>
+ <sIfile></sIfile>
+ <tDll></tDll>
+ <tDllPa></tDllPa>
+ <tDlgDll></tDlgDll>
+ <tDlgPa></tDlgPa>
+ <tIfile></tIfile>
+ <pMon>STLink\ST-LINKIII-KEIL_SWO.dll</pMon>
+ </DebugOpt>
+ <TargetDriverDllRegistry>
+ <SetRegEntry>
+ <Number>0</Number>
+ <Key>ARMRTXEVENTFLAGS</Key>
+ <Name>-L70 -Z18 -C0 -M0 -T1</Name>
+ </SetRegEntry>
+ <SetRegEntry>
+ <Number>0</Number>
+ <Key>DLGTARM</Key>
+ <Name>(1010=-1,-1,-1,-1,0)(1007=-1,-1,-1,-1,0)(1008=-1,-1,-1,-1,0)(1009=-1,-1,-1,-1,0)(1012=-1,-1,-1,-1,0)</Name>
+ </SetRegEntry>
+ <SetRegEntry>
+ <Number>0</Number>
+ <Key>ARMDBGFLAGS</Key>
+ <Name></Name>
+ </SetRegEntry>
+ <SetRegEntry>
+ <Number>0</Number>
+ <Key>DLGUARM</Key>
+ <Name>(105=-1,-1,-1,-1,0)</Name>
+ </SetRegEntry>
+ <SetRegEntry>
+ <Number>0</Number>
+ <Key>UL2CM3</Key>
+ <Name>UL2CM3(-S0 -C0 -P0 -FD20000000 -FC8000 -FN1 -FF0STM32L4xx_256 -FS08000000 -FL040000 -FP0($$Device:STM32L431RCTx$CMSIS\Flash\STM32L4xx_256.FLM))</Name>
+ </SetRegEntry>
+ <SetRegEntry>
+ <Number>0</Number>
+ <Key>ST-LINKIII-KEIL_SWO</Key>
+ <Name>-U53FF69064885495006370487 -O2254 -SF10000 -C0 -A0 -I0 -HNlocalhost -HP7184 -P1 -N00("ARM CoreSight SW-DP (ARM Core") -D00(2BA01477) -L00(0) -TO131090 -TC10000000 -TT10000000 -TP21 -TDS8007 -TDT0 -TDC1F -TIEFFFFFFFF -TIP8 -FO7 -FD20000000 -FC1000 -FN1 -FF0STM32L4xx_256.FLM -FS08000000 -FL040000 -FP0($$Device:STM32L431RCTx$CMSIS\Flash\STM32L4xx_256.FLM)</Name>
+ </SetRegEntry>
+ </TargetDriverDllRegistry>
+ <Breakpoint>
+ <Bp>
+ <Number>0</Number>
+ <Type>0</Type>
+ <LineNumber>95</LineNumber>
+ <EnabledFlag>1</EnabledFlag>
+ <Address>0</Address>
+ <ByteObject>0</ByteObject>
+ <HtxType>0</HtxType>
+ <ManyObjects>0</ManyObjects>
+ <SizeOfObject>0</SizeOfObject>
+ <BreakByAccess>0</BreakByAccess>
+ <BreakIfRCount>0</BreakIfRCount>
+ <Filename>../Core/Src/main.c</Filename>
+ <ExecCommand></ExecCommand>
+ <Expression></Expression>
+ </Bp>
+ <Bp>
+ <Number>1</Number>
+ <Type>0</Type>
+ <LineNumber>97</LineNumber>
+ <EnabledFlag>1</EnabledFlag>
+ <Address>0</Address>
+ <ByteObject>0</ByteObject>
+ <HtxType>0</HtxType>
+ <ManyObjects>0</ManyObjects>
+ <SizeOfObject>0</SizeOfObject>
+ <BreakByAccess>0</BreakByAccess>
+ <BreakIfRCount>0</BreakIfRCount>
+ <Filename>../Core/Src/main.c</Filename>
+ <ExecCommand></ExecCommand>
+ <Expression></Expression>
+ </Bp>
+ </Breakpoint>
+ <Tracepoint>
+ <THDelay>0</THDelay>
+ </Tracepoint>
+ <DebugFlag>
+ <trace>0</trace>
+ <periodic>1</periodic>
+ <aLwin>1</aLwin>
+ <aCover>0</aCover>
+ <aSer1>0</aSer1>
+ <aSer2>0</aSer2>
+ <aPa>0</aPa>
+ <viewmode>1</viewmode>
+ <vrSel>0</vrSel>
+ <aSym>0</aSym>
+ <aTbox>0</aTbox>
+ <AscS1>0</AscS1>
+ <AscS2>0</AscS2>
+ <AscS3>0</AscS3>
+ <aSer3>0</aSer3>
+ <eProf>0</eProf>
+ <aLa>0</aLa>
+ <aPa1>0</aPa1>
+ <AscS4>0</AscS4>
+ <aSer4>0</aSer4>
+ <StkLoc>1</StkLoc>
+ <TrcWin>0</TrcWin>
+ <newCpu>0</newCpu>
+ <uProt>0</uProt>
+ </DebugFlag>
+ <LintExecutable></LintExecutable>
+ <LintConfigFile></LintConfigFile>
+ <bLintAuto>0</bLintAuto>
+ <bAutoGenD>0</bAutoGenD>
+ <LntExFlags>0</LntExFlags>
+ <pMisraName></pMisraName>
+ <pszMrule></pszMrule>
+ <pSingCmds></pSingCmds>
+ <pMultCmds></pMultCmds>
+ <pMisraNamep></pMisraNamep>
+ <pszMrulep></pszMrulep>
+ <pSingCmdsp></pSingCmdsp>
+ <pMultCmdsp></pMultCmdsp>
+ <DebugDescription>
+ <Enable>1</Enable>
+ <EnableFlashSeq>0</EnableFlashSeq>
+ <EnableLog>0</EnableLog>
+ <Protocol>2</Protocol>
+ <DbgClock>10000000</DbgClock>
+ </DebugDescription>
+ </TargetOption>
+ </Target>
+
+ <Group>
+ <GroupName>Application/MDK-ARM</GroupName>
+ <tvExp>0</tvExp>
+ <tvExpOptDlg>0</tvExpOptDlg>
+ <cbSel>0</cbSel>
+ <RteFlg>0</RteFlg>
+ <File>
+ <GroupNumber>1</GroupNumber>
+ <FileNumber>1</FileNumber>
+ <FileType>2</FileType>
+ <tvExp>0</tvExp>
+ <tvExpOptDlg>0</tvExpOptDlg>
+ <bDave2>0</bDave2>
+ <PathWithFileName>startup_stm32l431xx.s</PathWithFileName>
+ <FilenameWithoutPath>startup_stm32l431xx.s</FilenameWithoutPath>
+ <RteFlg>0</RteFlg>
+ <bShared>0</bShared>
+ </File>
+ </Group>
+
+ <Group>
+ <GroupName>Application/User/Core</GroupName>
+ <tvExp>1</tvExp>
+ <tvExpOptDlg>0</tvExpOptDlg>
+ <cbSel>0</cbSel>
+ <RteFlg>0</RteFlg>
+ <File>
+ <GroupNumber>2</GroupNumber>
+ <FileNumber>2</FileNumber>
+ <FileType>1</FileType>
+ <tvExp>0</tvExp>
+ <tvExpOptDlg>0</tvExpOptDlg>
+ <bDave2>0</bDave2>
+ <PathWithFileName>../Core/Src/main.c</PathWithFileName>
+ <FilenameWithoutPath>main.c</FilenameWithoutPath>
+ <RteFlg>0</RteFlg>
+ <bShared>0</bShared>
+ </File>
+ <File>
+ <GroupNumber>2</GroupNumber>
+ <FileNumber>3</FileNumber>
+ <FileType>1</FileType>
+ <tvExp>0</tvExp>
+ <tvExpOptDlg>0</tvExpOptDlg>
+ <bDave2>0</bDave2>
+ <PathWithFileName>../Core/Src/gpio.c</PathWithFileName>
+ <FilenameWithoutPath>gpio.c</FilenameWithoutPath>
+ <RteFlg>0</RteFlg>
+ <bShared>0</bShared>
+ </File>
+ <File>
+ <GroupNumber>2</GroupNumber>
+ <FileNumber>4</FileNumber>
+ <FileType>1</FileType>
+ <tvExp>0</tvExp>
+ <tvExpOptDlg>0</tvExpOptDlg>
+ <bDave2>0</bDave2>
+ <PathWithFileName>../Core/Src/adc.c</PathWithFileName>
+ <FilenameWithoutPath>adc.c</FilenameWithoutPath>
+ <RteFlg>0</RteFlg>
+ <bShared>0</bShared>
+ </File>
+ <File>
+ <GroupNumber>2</GroupNumber>
+ <FileNumber>5</FileNumber>
+ <FileType>1</FileType>
+ <tvExp>0</tvExp>
+ <tvExpOptDlg>0</tvExpOptDlg>
+ <bDave2>0</bDave2>
+ <PathWithFileName>../Core/Src/tim.c</PathWithFileName>
+ <FilenameWithoutPath>tim.c</FilenameWithoutPath>
+ <RteFlg>0</RteFlg>
+ <bShared>0</bShared>
+ </File>
+ <File>
+ <GroupNumber>2</GroupNumber>
+ <FileNumber>6</FileNumber>
+ <FileType>1</FileType>
+ <tvExp>0</tvExp>
+ <tvExpOptDlg>0</tvExpOptDlg>
+ <bDave2>0</bDave2>
+ <PathWithFileName>../Core/Src/usart.c</PathWithFileName>
+ <FilenameWithoutPath>usart.c</FilenameWithoutPath>
+ <RteFlg>0</RteFlg>
+ <bShared>0</bShared>
+ </File>
+ <File>
+ <GroupNumber>2</GroupNumber>
+ <FileNumber>7</FileNumber>
+ <FileType>1</FileType>
+ <tvExp>0</tvExp>
+ <tvExpOptDlg>0</tvExpOptDlg>
+ <bDave2>0</bDave2>
+ <PathWithFileName>../Core/Src/stm32l4xx_it.c</PathWithFileName>
+ <FilenameWithoutPath>stm32l4xx_it.c</FilenameWithoutPath>
+ <RteFlg>0</RteFlg>
+ <bShared>0</bShared>
+ </File>
+ <File>
+ <GroupNumber>2</GroupNumber>
+ <FileNumber>8</FileNumber>
+ <FileType>1</FileType>
+ <tvExp>0</tvExp>
+ <tvExpOptDlg>0</tvExpOptDlg>
+ <bDave2>0</bDave2>
+ <PathWithFileName>../Core/Src/stm32l4xx_hal_msp.c</PathWithFileName>
+ <FilenameWithoutPath>stm32l4xx_hal_msp.c</FilenameWithoutPath>
+ <RteFlg>0</RteFlg>
+ <bShared>0</bShared>
+ </File>
+ </Group>
+
+ <Group>
+ <GroupName>Drivers/STM32L4xx_HAL_Driver</GroupName>
+ <tvExp>0</tvExp>
+ <tvExpOptDlg>0</tvExpOptDlg>
+ <cbSel>0</cbSel>
+ <RteFlg>0</RteFlg>
+ <File>
+ <GroupNumber>3</GroupNumber>
+ <FileNumber>9</FileNumber>
+ <FileType>1</FileType>
+ <tvExp>0</tvExp>
+ <tvExpOptDlg>0</tvExpOptDlg>
+ <bDave2>0</bDave2>
+ <PathWithFileName>../Drivers/STM32L4xx_HAL_Driver/Src/stm32l4xx_hal_adc.c</PathWithFileName>
+ <FilenameWithoutPath>stm32l4xx_hal_adc.c</FilenameWithoutPath>
+ <RteFlg>0</RteFlg>
+ <bShared>0</bShared>
+ </File>
+ <File>
+ <GroupNumber>3</GroupNumber>
+ <FileNumber>10</FileNumber>
+ <FileType>1</FileType>
+ <tvExp>0</tvExp>
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diff --git a/ex2.i2c-bitbang/MDK-ARM/ISKBoard.uvprojx b/ex2.i2c-bitbang/MDK-ARM/ISKBoard.uvprojx
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3c2e207
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ex2.i2c-bitbang/MDK-ARM/ISKBoard.uvprojx
@@ -0,0 +1,929 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no" ?>
+<Project xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation="project_projx.xsd">
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+ <SchemaVersion>2.1</SchemaVersion>
+
+ <Header>### uVision Project, (C) Keil Software</Header>
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+ <ExitCodeStop>0</ExitCodeStop>
+ <ButtonStop>0</ButtonStop>
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+ <InvalidFlash>1</InvalidFlash>
+ </TargetStatus>
+ <OutputDirectory>ISKBoard\</OutputDirectory>
+ <OutputName>ISKBoard</OutputName>
+ <CreateExecutable>1</CreateExecutable>
+ <CreateLib>0</CreateLib>
+ <CreateHexFile>1</CreateHexFile>
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+ </BeforeMake>
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+ <RunUserProg1>0</RunUserProg1>
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+ <UserProg2Name></UserProg2Name>
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+ </AfterMake>
+ <SelectedForBatchBuild>1</SelectedForBatchBuild>
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+ <CommonProperty>
+ <UseCPPCompiler>0</UseCPPCompiler>
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+ <IncludeLibraryModules></IncludeLibraryModules>
+ <ComprImg>0</ComprImg>
+ </CommonProperty>
+ <DllOption>
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+ </DebugOption>
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+ <AssembleAssemblyFile>2</AssembleAssemblyFile>
+ <PublicsOnly>2</PublicsOnly>
+ <StopOnExitCode>11</StopOnExitCode>
+ <CustomArgument></CustomArgument>
+ <IncludeLibraryModules></IncludeLibraryModules>
+ <ComprImg>1</ComprImg>
+ </CommonProperty>
+ <FileArmAds>
+ <Cads>
+ <interw>2</interw>
+ <Optim>0</Optim>
+ <oTime>2</oTime>
+ <SplitLS>2</SplitLS>
+ <OneElfS>2</OneElfS>
+ <Strict>2</Strict>
+ <EnumInt>2</EnumInt>
+ <PlainCh>2</PlainCh>
+ <Ropi>2</Ropi>
+ <Rwpi>2</Rwpi>
+ <wLevel>0</wLevel>
+ <uThumb>2</uThumb>
+ <uSurpInc>2</uSurpInc>
+ <uC99>2</uC99>
+ <uGnu>2</uGnu>
+ <useXO>2</useXO>
+ <v6Lang>0</v6Lang>
+ <v6LangP>0</v6LangP>
+ <vShortEn>2</vShortEn>
+ <vShortWch>2</vShortWch>
+ <v6Lto>2</v6Lto>
+ <v6WtE>2</v6WtE>
+ <v6Rtti>2</v6Rtti>
+ <VariousControls>
+ <MiscControls></MiscControls>
+ <Define></Define>
+ <Undefine></Undefine>
+ <IncludePath></IncludePath>
+ </VariousControls>
+ </Cads>
+ </FileArmAds>
+ </FileOption>
+ </File>
+ <File>
+ <FileName>stm32l4xx_hal_uart.c</FileName>
+ <FileType>1</FileType>
+ <FilePath>../Drivers/STM32L4xx_HAL_Driver/Src/stm32l4xx_hal_uart.c</FilePath>
+ </File>
+ <File>
+ <FileName>stm32l4xx_hal_uart_ex.c</FileName>
+ <FileType>1</FileType>
+ <FilePath>../Drivers/STM32L4xx_HAL_Driver/Src/stm32l4xx_hal_uart_ex.c</FilePath>
+ </File>
+ </Files>
+ </Group>
+ <Group>
+ <GroupName>Drivers/CMSIS</GroupName>
+ <Files>
+ <File>
+ <FileName>system_stm32l4xx.c</FileName>
+ <FileType>1</FileType>
+ <FilePath>../Core/Src/system_stm32l4xx.c</FilePath>
+ </File>
+ </Files>
+ </Group>
+ <Group>
+ <GroupName>Board</GroupName>
+ <Files>
+ <File>
+ <FileName>miscdev.c</FileName>
+ <FileType>1</FileType>
+ <FilePath>..\Board\miscdev.c</FilePath>
+ </File>
+ <File>
+ <FileName>buzzer.c</FileName>
+ <FileType>1</FileType>
+ <FilePath>..\Board\buzzer.c</FilePath>
+ </File>
+ <File>
+ <FileName>ds18b20.c</FileName>
+ <FileType>1</FileType>
+ <FilePath>..\Board\ds18b20.c</FilePath>
+ </File>
+ <File>
+ <FileName>eeprom.c</FileName>
+ <FileType>1</FileType>
+ <FilePath>..\Board\eeprom.c</FilePath>
+ </File>
+ <File>
+ <FileName>i2c_bitbang.c</FileName>
+ <FileType>1</FileType>
+ <FilePath>..\Board\i2c_bitbang.c</FilePath>
+ </File>
+ <File>
+ <FileName>isl1208.c</FileName>
+ <FileType>1</FileType>
+ <FilePath>..\Board\isl1208.c</FilePath>
+ </File>
+ <File>
+ <FileName>oled_drv.c</FileName>
+ <FileType>1</FileType>
+ <FilePath>..\Board\oled_drv.c</FilePath>
+ </File>
+ <File>
+ <FileName>oled_font.c</FileName>
+ <FileType>1</FileType>
+ <FilePath>..\Board\oled_font.c</FilePath>
+ </File>
+ <File>
+ <FileName>sht20.c</FileName>
+ <FileType>1</FileType>
+ <FilePath>..\Board\sht20.c</FilePath>
+ </File>
+ </Files>
+ </Group>
+ <Group>
+ <GroupName>::CMSIS</GroupName>
+ </Group>
+ </Groups>
+ </Target>
+ </Targets>
+
+ <RTE>
+ <apis/>
+ <components>
+ <component Cclass="CMSIS" Cgroup="CORE" Cvendor="ARM" Cversion="6.2.0" condition="ARMv6_7_8-M Device" ymlID="CMSIS:CORE">
+ <package name="CMSIS" schemaVersion="1.7.53" url="https://www.keil.com/pack/" vendor="ARM" version="6.3.0"/>
+ <targetInfos>
+ <targetInfo name="ISKBoard"/>
+ </targetInfos>
+ </component>
+ </components>
+ <files/>
+ </RTE>
+
+</Project>
diff --git a/ex2.i2c-bitbang/do_clean.bat b/ex2.i2c-bitbang/do_clean.bat
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2ab17eb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ex2.i2c-bitbang/do_clean.bat
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+@echo off
+setlocal
+
+cd /d "%~dp0"
+
+REM ===== Clean Core (keep main.c) =====
+if exist "Core\Src\main.c" (
+ copy /y "Core\Src\main.c" "main.c" >nul
+ rmdir /s /q "Core" 2>nul
+ mkdir "Core\Src" 2>nul
+ copy /y "main.c" "Core\Src\main.c" >nul
+ del /f /q "main.c"
+)
+
+REM ===== Clean artifacts =====
+call :del_file .mxproject
+call :del_file .cproject
+call :del_file .project
+call :del_file .clangd
+call :del_file *.json
+call :del_file *.ld
+call :del_file *.s
+
+call :del_dir .settings
+call :del_dir Drivers
+call :del_dir Debug
+call :del_dir Release
+call :del_dir build
+call :del_dir cmake
+
+exit /b
+
+:del_file
+if exist "%~1" del /f /q "%~1"
+exit /b
+
+:del_dir
+if exist "%~1\" rmdir /s /q "%~1"
+exit /b
\ No newline at end of file
--
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